Chapter 11 Level 1 Quiz

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. The evidence marshalled over the past several decades that makes the claim that smoking cigarettes has a strong tendency to cause cancer is ________.

unlikely correct incorrect

a health claim correct incorrect

highly probable correct incorrect

a post hoc fallacy correct incorrect

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. If we assume that A must have caused B simply because A is followed by B, we commit the fallacy known as ________.

hasty generalization correct incorrect

mere correlation correct incorrect

faulty analogy correct incorrect

post hoc ergo propter hoc correct incorrect

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. When evaluating risks, the human mind's tendency to think first of the most exciting and exotic possibilities is known as ________.

appeal to tradition correct incorrect

appeal to popularity correct incorrect

argument from consequences correct incorrect

the availability error correct incorrect

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. When considering whether the accused is guilty or innocent in the context of a criminal trial, we are looking for an argument that is ________.

strong correct incorrect

balanced correct incorrect

common sense correct incorrect

compelling correct incorrect

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. The critical, structured examination of how we ought to behave when our behaviour affects others is known as ________.

ethics correct incorrect

burden of proof correct incorrect

reasoning about causation correct incorrect

arguing from character correct incorrect

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. An ethical argument that begins with the notion that there are certain kinds of actions that we must always do or avoid doing is known as ________.

argument from consequences correct incorrect

argument from character correct incorrect

affirming the consequent correct incorrect

argument from rights and duties correct incorrect

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. An ethical argument that takes as a starting point the idea that our most fundamental ethical obligation is to produce certain kinds of outcomes is known as ________.

argument from character correct incorrect

argument from rights and duties correct incorrect

argument from consequences correct incorrect

affirming the consequences correct incorrect

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. An ethical argument that proceeds from the assumption that what really matters ethically is character rather than the nature or outcome of particular actions is known as ________.

argument from character correct incorrect

argument from rights and duties correct incorrect

argument from consequences correct incorrect

post hoc ergo propter hoc correct incorrect

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. During criminal proceedings, the burden of proof rests squarely on the ________.

defence correct incorrect

prosecution correct incorrect

criminal code correct incorrect

judge correct incorrect

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. We can take health claims in the news at face value.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. There is a sense in which science is really just a specialized form of critical thinking.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Themost basic critical thinking skill when it comes to thinking critically about your health is the ability to engage in reasoning about causation.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. If a health claim conflicts with the opinion of a health professional, we have good reason to doubt that claim.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Inference to the best explanation is not an especially important critical thinking skill in legal contexts.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The law represents the strongest rules of behaviour in any society.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect