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Practice Quiz: Chapter 08
Return to The Psychology of Criminal and Violent Behaviour Student Resources
Practice Quiz: Chapter 08
Quiz Content
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What are the three levels of moral reasoning identified by Kohlberg in order from lowest to highest?
a) Postconventional, conventional, preconventional
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b) Neoconventional, preconventional, conventional
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c) Neoconventional, conventional, postconventional
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d) Preconventional, conventional, postconventional
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e) Postconventional, neoconventional, preconventional
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According to Kohlberg's theory, why are low moral reasoners more likely to offend than high moral reasoners?
a) They cannot distinguish between what is right and wrong.
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b) They are highly influenced by situational factors and rewarding opportunities to offend.
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c) They resent authority figures and ignore the possibility they will be punished.
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d) They are more likely to employ mechanisms of moral disengagement.
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e) They exhibit symptoms of psychopathy.
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Karl Eichmann, a high-ranking Nazi and key participant in the Holocaust, argued in his defence that he was only following Hitler's orders and was in fact carrying out acts of the state." Eichmann was using which of the following forms of moral disengagement?"
a) Dehumanization
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b) Displacement of responsibility
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c) Euphemistic labeling
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d) Displacement of responsibility
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e) Attribution of blame
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Which moral disengagement processes operate by re-casting the perpetrator's reprehensible conduct in a more favourable light?
a) Euphemistic labelling, moral justification, and advantageous comparisons
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b) Displacement of responsibility, moral justification, and attribution of blame
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c) Advantageous comparisons, dehumanization, and diffusion of responsibility
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d) Moral justification, attribution of blame, and euphemistic labelling
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e) Dehumanization, diffusion of responsibility, and moral justification
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Berkowitz's cognitive neoassociation theory is an elaboration of which earlier theory?
a) The frustration-aggression hypothesis
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b) Excitation transfer theory
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c) Deindividuation
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d) Moral disengagement
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e) The general aggression model
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The idea that aggressive and violent behaviour can result when pre-existing physiologically aroused is misidentified as anger based on the person's current context lies at the core of which theory?
a) The excitation transfer theory
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b) The general aggression model
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c) The frustration-aggression hypothesis
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d) Cognitive neoassociation model
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e) Walters' criminal thinking styles
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The process of deindividuation probably best accounts for the violent behaviour of whom?
a) Suicide bombers
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b) Road rage incidents
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c) School shooters
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d) Rioting mobs
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e) Stalkers
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Social information processing theories suggest that aggressive and violent behavioural responses are the result of biases and processing errors which occur during which process?
a) Encoding process
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b) Interpretation process
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c) Response search process
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d) Response evaluation process
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e) All of the above
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What is "priming"?
a) The verbal commands used to apply psychological pressure to people so they obey
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b) A physiological process that increases arousal and energizes behaviour
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c) A social psychological phenomenon whereby the behaviour of one person serves as an example that is copied by the other members of a group
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d) A cognitive process that increases the accessibility of mental structures like scripts
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e) The use of intoxicating substances to reduce fear and anxiety that might otherwise deter the person from offending
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The General Aggression Model identifies two broad groups of causes and process that contribute to aggressive behaviour. ________ operate in the background and indirectly increase the risk of aggression, and ________ have a more immediate and direct influence on the risk of aggression.
a) Noncognitive factors; cognitive factors
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b) Nonsocial factors; social factors
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c) Personality factors; situational factors
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d) Cognitive factors; emotional factors
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e) Distal factors; proximate factors
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