Chapter 9 Matching Exercise

Refers to a class of local notables in the Ottoman Empire particularly from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries. They were especially powerful in the provincial areas of the empire, and there frequently was tension between the ayan and the centralized authority of the Sublime Porte.

When Sultan Mahmud II in the Ottoman Empire moved militarily against the Janissary corps, effectively eliminating it.

The “new order” or “new system/regulations,” this is a reference to the reform program more along the European model inaugurated by Ottoman Sultan Selim I.

(Turkish: regulations): Ottoman reform movement in the nineteenth century, officially launched in 1839.

Credibility