Chapter 2 Matching Exercise

(Arabic: migration): The Prophet Muhammad’s migration, along with his followers, from Mecca to Medina in 622.

Meaning “one nature,” it is a reference to Christians who believe that Jesus Christ has one divine nature and not both human and divine, as in Diophysism.

(related, dhimmi) (Arabic: People of the Book): A term found in the Quran, designating Jews, Christians, and Sabians as believers in a revealed book, specifically the Bible or Torah. Special protections were extended to those deemed dhimmi or protected ones under Muslim rule, in return for a tax paid (jizya).

The direction of prayer for Muslims, which is toward the Kaaba, in the Great Mosque in Mecca.

Tradition or custom of the Prophet Muhammad based on his sayings (hadith). It is second only to the Quran in terms of its religious significance as a guide for Muslims.

The “doubters,” this is a reference to those in Medina during the Prophet Muhammad’s stay there who doubted the legitimacy of his religious claims and thus his political leadership.

Credibility

Those who followed Muhammad and accompanied him from Mecca to Medina in the Hijra in 622 CE.

(Arabic: community): The collective community of Islamic people throughout the world.

Giving of alms to the poor. It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam.

(Arabic: the helpers): These helpers were residents of Medina who took the Prophet Muhammad and his followers (the Muhajirun) into their homes after the hijra from Mecca. They became an important interest group in early Islam.

Sanctuary, often a religious sanctuary. Also a reference to forbidden areas.