Practice Quiz Chapter 06

. "Have the researchers provided a convincing justification for all aspects of the research project?" best describes ________ validity.

a) construct

b) external

c) internal

d) logical

e) reliable

. Only two criteria can be used to evaluate the merits of non-experimental studies. These include ________ and ________.

a) construct validity; external validity

b) logical validity; construct validity

c) external validity; internal validity

d) logical validity; internal validity

e) construct validity; internal validity

. All of the following would be considered important for enhancing logical validity except ________.

a) the purpose statement and hypothesis flow naturally from the preceding context

b) the research methods link directly to the research question and are well-justified based on the study purpose

c) the statistical analyses selected align with the research question

d) the nomological network is well-justified

e) the conclusion is based directly on the study findings

. Several principles are provided in the text to enable researchers to accurately cite evidence, specifically regarding the justification and design of kinesiology-based studies. These include all of the following except ________.

a) clearly note the kind of evidence claimed for each citation

b) emphasize the most reliable sources and original evidence

c) limit out-of-date data and non-refereed publications to the discussion section only

d) strive for perfection in referencing details to support future work

e) read and critically evaluate all literature to be cited

. The following would be least appropriate when seeking to evaluate the construct validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C; assesses physical activity levels in children): ________.

a) Focusing on the relationships between the PAQ-C and other existing physical activity measures (e.g., accelerometer)

b) Focusing on the relationships between the PAQ-C and other non-physical activity measures (e.g., diet)

c) Focusing on the relationships between the PAQ-C and other related constructs (e.g., athletic competence)

d) Focusing on the relationships between the PAQ-C and constructs such as gender

e) Focusing on the relationships between the PAQ-C and a behavioural conduct measure (e.g., how children behave in the classroom)

. Ada wants to maximize internal validity for her Master's study investigating the impact of a CrossFit intervention on body composition and motivation in undergraduate students. She uses all of the following strategies except ________.

a) including a control group

b) ensuring the groups vary in their demographic make-up

c) randomizing participants to their treatment group

d) standardizing procedures across groups (e.g., dietary consumption)

e) ensuring she is spending equal time with participants in each group

. The generalization of the intervention to other people, contexts, or time best describes ________validity.

a) logical

b) criterion

c) construct

d) internal

e) external

. Complete the following statement so that it is false. External validity ________.

a) can be supported when experimental conditions reflect the "real world"

b) can be enhanced by identifying clear inclusion criteria

c) is always enhanced when using WEIRD samples

d) can be strengthened when interventions are effective across a number of different samples

e) can be threatened by non-random selection of participants

. You want to determine the extent to which Dr. Jones' claim that improvements in balance in a sample of older adults is the result of his pilates-based program (and not any other factors) is true. You are interested in ________.

a) internal validity

b) external validity

c) logical validity

d) content validity

e) construct validity

. Journal articles have commonly labelled sections (i.e., study design, participants, measures, data analysis) that provide the reader with insight into the methodological decisions made. This information assists in evaluating the ________ of the study.

a) internal validity

b) external validity

c) logical validity

d) content validity

e) construct validity

. External validity refers to a researcher's ability to claim that any change in an outcome is the result of a treatment or intervention, and not a result of other factors.

a) True

b) False

. In order to evaluate the internal and external validity of a study, a manipulation of an independent variable is required.

a) True

b) False

. No guidelines currently exist to assist researchers with reporting RCTs which makes evaluation of these studies challenging.

a) True

b) False

. If previous research and literature is not cited accurately by the study authors, the logical validity of the research is extremely compromised.

a) True

b) False

. The key to external validity is ensuring that the study sample is representative of the populations that researchers wish to generalize their results to.

a) True

b) False

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