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1. Identify the words that identify paragraph 2 as a theory or explanation as opposed to a
fact.
Beck (1976) proposed a causal role for negative thinking in the origins of depression. He suggested a
‘cognitive triad’ of automatic negative thoughts concerning the self, the world, and the future. Based
on the principle of cognitive primacy, Beck suggests that the emotional experience of depression is a
direct consequence of these automatic negative thoughts.
2. Identify the words that show the importance of evidence in this section of the
paragraph.
One line of research that provides support for Beck’s ideas looks at the extent to which negative
thinking predicts later depression. For example, Grazioli and Terry (2000) found that women displaying
negative thinking in pregnancy were more prone to post-natal depression.
3. Technical terms allow us to describe with precision the concept, theory or study we are
discussing. The first part of this paragraph is rich in technical terms. See how many you can
identify in this paragraph.
Beck (1976) proposed a causal role for negative thinking in the origins of depression. He suggested a
cognitive triad of automatic negative thoughts concerning the self, the world, and the future. Based on
the principle of cognitive primacy, Beck suggests that the emotional experience of depression is a
direct consequence of these automatic negative thoughts.