Chapter 8 Self-test questions

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. The concepts of sensation and perception are different because

perception is something that happens to your sense organs and neurons; sensation is something that happens to you correct incorrect

sensation is something that happens to your sense organs and neurons; perception is something that happens in consciousness correct incorrect

sensation is something that happens slowly when you are paying attention to something, perception happens automatically correct incorrect

perception is the only way to directly interact with the world; all sensations are illusory correct incorrect

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. These researchers are responsible for Weber's law and signal detection theory.

psychotherapists correct incorrect

Gestalt psychologists correct incorrect

perceptual cognitive scientists correct incorrect

psychophysicists correct incorrect

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. Which of the following best describes the phenomenon known as sensory adaptation?

Some people are irritated by the smell of his cologne, but Adam wears it so much that he barely smells it himself. correct incorrect

Lucy's dorm floor includes one person who blares loud music late into the night, and she is unable to sleep because of the noise. correct incorrect

The scent of incense coming from the apartment next door to Madeline was unavoidable and eventually, she confronted her neighbour about it. correct incorrect

When Harry smells perfume, he is always instantly reminded of his first date correct incorrect

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. The _ are the photoreceptors that respond well in low light, and to motion, but are not specialized for detailed vision.

rods correct incorrect

cones correct incorrect

ganglions correct incorrect

bipolar cells correct incorrect

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. The fovea in the retina has the highest concentration of these cells.

bipolar correct incorrect

rods correct incorrect

cones correct incorrect

ganglion correct incorrect

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. According to this theory of colour vision, the peak sensitivity of a cone to one of three spectrums of wavelength dictates the hue that we perceive.

evolutionary signal correct incorrect

signal detection correct incorrect

trichromatic correct incorrect

opponent process correct incorrect

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. According to this theory, cells in the retina and the thalamus enable the mixing of blue and yellow, red and green, and black and white

trichromatic theory correct incorrect

opponent process theory correct incorrect

monocular theory correct incorrect

additive color theory correct incorrect

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. The perception of pitch, how high or low a tone is, is dependent on this property of sound waves.

volume correct incorrect

amplitude correct incorrect

frequency correct incorrect

timbre correct incorrect

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. The basilar membrane is a collection of fibres in the cochlea that ripples in response to

vibrations of the tympanic membrane and ossicles correct incorrect

piercing of the oval window correct incorrect

oscillations of the auditory cortex correct incorrect

vibrations of the auditory nerve correct incorrect

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. All of the following aspects of sound location are true, EXCEPT:

The brain factors in both the time of arrival and the loudness of a sound source to locate it. correct incorrect

Your head dampens sounds such that volume is different in both ears according to the location of a sound. correct incorrect

Sounds from the right side of your head will arrive at your right ear slightly before your left ear. correct incorrect

Sounds from the left side of your head will appear louder to your right ear than to your left ear. correct incorrect

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. The receptors embedded in our skin that respond to pressure and touch are called

tactile sensors correct incorrect

mechanoreceptors correct incorrect

proprioceptors correct incorrect

nociceptors correct incorrect

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. Aside from the receptors for touch, the skin also houses these receptors that allow for perception of temperature.

thermoreceptors correct incorrect

mechanoreceptors correct incorrect

proprioceptors correct incorrect

nociceptors correct incorrect

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. Unlike the specialized receptors for other aspects of touch, nociceptors are

mechanoreceptors embedded in muscles and inner organs correct incorrect

free nerve endings anywhere in the body correct incorrect

sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system correct incorrect

efferent neurons in the spinal column correct incorrect

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. This Gestalt grouping principle allows for the holistic perception of objects that are blocked by other objects.

proximity correct incorrect

closure correct incorrect

good continuation correct incorrect

similarity correct incorrect

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. This Gestalt grouping principle allows for the holistic perception of objects that are near one another

proximity correct incorrect

similarity correct incorrect

closure correct incorrect

good continuation correct incorrect

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. In the visual cliff experiments by Gibson and Walk (1960), infants would freely explore the deep side of the "cliff" if

their parents were positioned at the opposite end of the table. correct incorrect

they did not understand the Gestalt law of good continuation correct incorrect

their retinas were not fully developed correct incorrect

they had not yet developed depth perception correct incorrect

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. The retinas in each eye collect slightly different images of the world, which allows for the processing of this binocular depth cue.

retinal disparity correct incorrect

retinal eccentricity correct incorrect

retinal convergence correct incorrect

retinal perspective correct incorrect

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. Unlike the binocular depth cues, the monocular depth cues depend greatly on

the mental assumptions about the way the eye works correct incorrect

the motion of the eyes and the tension of the eye muscles correct incorrect

the physical distance between the retina and the object in the world correct incorrect

the mental assumptions of humans about our environments correct incorrect

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. When you are standing in a hallway and see your friend walking toward you, the image of him will grow larger on your retina, but you do not perceive him as actually growing in size. This is because of

size constancy correct incorrect

shape constancy correct incorrect

linear constancy correct incorrect

colour constancy correct incorrect

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. Which of the following phenomena are dependent upon our biases and expectations based on experience with the world?

transduction correct incorrect

opponent process correct incorrect

linear contrast correct incorrect

inattentional blindness correct incorrect

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. Phenomena such as change blindness and perceptual set are evidence that perception is

at least partly dependent on seeing the world correct incorrect

at least partly dependent on expectations and biases about the world correct incorrect

minimally dependent on our experience with the world correct incorrect

minimally dependent on the stimulation of the retina correct incorrect

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. According to Gestalt theorists, every time we view a scene we focus on certain elements while other fade into the background. The portion of the image that holds our attention is the

figure correct incorrect

ground correct incorrect

fixation correct incorrect

periphery correct incorrect

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. According to Gestalt theorists, the portion of the image that holds relegates to the background is the

figure correct incorrect

ground correct incorrect

fixation correct incorrect

periphery correct incorrect

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. Touch is perceived in this area of the brain

Somatosensory area correct incorrect

Frontal lobe correct incorrect

Broca's area correct incorrect

Amygdala correct incorrect

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. This theory proposes that noise and response bias interfered with detection of stimuli.

Gestalt theory correct incorrect

Weber's law correct incorrect

Signal detection theory correct incorrect

Trichromacy theory correct incorrect