Chapter 6 Self-test questions

* not completed

. If one were to settle on a single description of consciousness it would most likely include:

a universal aspect of life on earth correct incorrect

every person's universal experience of feelings correct incorrect

a unique phenomenon confined to the human mind correct incorrect

each person's unique subjective experience in the world correct incorrect

* not completed

. It is said that consciousness cannot exist independent of its "owner," which means that it

is subjective correct incorrect

can be derived from objective experience correct incorrect

exists without external stimulation correct incorrect

is innate correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is a difficulty identified by the "hard problem" of consciousness?

The mind evolved from the primitive brains of Neanderthals. correct incorrect

The brain integrates sensations from different sensory modalities. correct incorrect

The brain's processes lead to a subjective conscious state. correct incorrect

The brain and the mind are distinctively different. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is NOT considered an altered state of consciousness (ASC)?

dreaming correct incorrect

divided attention correct incorrect

hypnosis correct incorrect

meditation correct incorrect

* not completed

. Tang et al (2017) carried out a survey of over 30,000 people in the UK and found that 77% reported sleeping

6–8 hours a night correct incorrect

4–6 hours a night correct incorrect

8–10 hours a night correct incorrect

10+ hours a night correct incorrect

* not completed

. The circadian pacemaker of the body is located in this brain region

hippocampus correct incorrect

hypothalamus correct incorrect

insula correct incorrect

nucleus accumbens correct incorrect

* not completed

. Melatonin is produced by this gland, and it is stimulated during periods of darkness and inhibited by exposure to light

adrenal correct incorrect

cortisol correct incorrect

pineal correct incorrect

progesterone correct incorrect

* not completed

. EEG studies of REM sleep have revealed which of the following?

an increase in the incidence of sleepwalking correct incorrect

an increase of activity throughout the brain and nervous system correct incorrect

a decrease in activity in the pons region of the brain correct incorrect

the urge to act out one's dreams correct incorrect

* not completed

. Stage 2 sleep lasts only about 10 to 20 minutes and is characterized by these sudden, short bursts of higher voltage brain activity

k-complexes correct incorrect

hypnogogia correct incorrect

REM dreams correct incorrect

sleep spindles correct incorrect

* not completed

. Apex dreaming occurs mainly during this part of the sleep cycle

NREM correct incorrect

REM correct incorrect

Stage 3 correct incorrect

Stage 2 correct incorrect

* not completed

. The unemotional and non-hallucinatory types of dreams that occur during NREM can be called

sleepwalking correct incorrect

sleep thinking correct incorrect

ordinary dreaming correct incorrect

sleep mentation correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following describes the most likely scenario regarding a young adult's dreaming experience?

Julia is having reoccurring nightmares about an abusive sexual encounter with an ex-boyfriend. correct incorrect

When Adam recalls his dreams, they tend to involve some sexual experience with a woman. correct incorrect

Last night Denise dreamt that she arrived at class but had forgotten her calculator and therefore could not take her exam. correct incorrect

A week ago Ralph told a friend of his that he has been dreaming about his own death. correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to research what percent of adults report experiencing some sleep disturbance?

20% correct incorrect

33% correct incorrect

50% correct incorrect

8% correct incorrect

* not completed

. If you are having trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or generally getting a restful sleep most nights, you probably are suffering from

narcolepsy correct incorrect

parasomnia correct incorrect

insomnia correct incorrect

sleep apnea correct incorrect

* not completed

. When the airways are constricted in people with this sleep disorder, they often awaken hundreds of times during the night without fully becoming aroused.

narcolepsy correct incorrect

obstructive sleep apnea correct incorrect

REM sleep behaviour disorder correct incorrect

insomnia correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to this view of hypnosis, immersing one's hand in ice water for a prolonged period yet feeling no pain is evidence that hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness is called a(n):

special state correct incorrect

nonstate correct incorrect

imagination correct incorrect

magical thinking correct incorrect

* not completed

. Any substance with properties that affect mental life or consciousness is called a(n):

illicit drug correct incorrect

psychedelic drug correct incorrect

psychoactive drug correct incorrect

psychiatric drug correct incorrect

* not completed

. Most modern researchers and practitioners prefer to use this word instead of the word addiction

tolerance correct incorrect

dependence correct incorrect

withdrawal correct incorrect

craving correct incorrect

* not completed

. Morphine is one of the most powerful and effective members of this class of drugs

alkaloids correct incorrect

stimulants correct incorrect

NSAIDs correct incorrect

narcotics correct incorrect

* not completed

. Compared to cocaine use, when using amphetamines

the highs are longer lasting correct incorrect

the withdrawal is more psychological than physical correct incorrect

the experience is less likely to result in euphoria correct incorrect

the increased energy lasts about 15 minutes correct incorrect

* not completed

. More users who try this stimulant ultimately become dependent upon it than any other drug, including heroin and cocaine

amphetamine correct incorrect

nicotine correct incorrect

caffeine correct incorrect

methamphetamine correct incorrect

* not completed

. All of the drugs called psychedelics are similar in that

the potential for dependence on these drugs is exceptionally low correct incorrect

the psychological effects are invariant from one person to the next correct incorrect

use of the drugs is much more common in an urban cultural setting correct incorrect

the experience of using has many psychological benefits correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements about Ecstasy is NOT supported by research?

Most of the risks of Ecstasy use appear to result from extremely heavy use. correct incorrect

Ecstasy has not been proven to cause brain damage in humans. correct incorrect

There have been very few deaths reliably attributed to Ecstasy taken alone. correct incorrect

Ecstasy is the safest drug to be taken along with alcohol. correct incorrect

* not completed

. This type of apex dream is where the dreamer is aware that he or she is dreaming

Ordinary dream correct incorrect

Insomnia correct incorrect

Lucid dream correct incorrect

Parasomnias correct incorrect

* not completed

. In consciousness studies, the idea that consciousness is always a single, unified experience is known as

unity correct incorrect

solidarity correct incorrect

subjectivity correct incorrect

the hard problem correct incorrect