Chapter 22 Self-test questions

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. The tendency of people to be less likely to help strangers in need if there are other people present at the scene is called the

bystander effect correct incorrect

self-serving bias correct incorrect

fundamental attribution error correct incorrect

sadism effect correct incorrect

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. In contrast with early research on the bystander effect, the more dangerous the circumstance and the more clear-cut the physical danger

the less likely an individual is to offer aid correct incorrect

the more likely an individual is to contribute to the assault correct incorrect

the less likely an additional crime will occur correct incorrect

the more likely an individual is to offer aid correct incorrect

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. This is the ability to take another person's perspective, or to feel how that person feels.

apathy correct incorrect

compassion correct incorrect

empathy correct incorrect

social comparison correct incorrect

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. This is the tendency to favour and extend loyalty to members of one's own group over members of other groups.

in-group bias correct incorrect

out-group bias correct incorrect

in-group homogeneity correct incorrect

out-group homogeneity correct incorrect

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. One way that dehumanization of outgroups may occur is through the emotion of

anger correct incorrect

disgust correct incorrect

frustration correct incorrect

sadness correct incorrect

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. The tendency to offer and provide help to others in need without an a obvious reward is called

reciprocal aid correct incorrect

altruism correct incorrect

the bystander effect correct incorrect

empathy correct incorrect

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. Researchers have suggested that individual differences in their tendencies towards altruism are

based solely on exposure correct incorrect

dependent on sex correct incorrect

in part genetic in origin correct incorrect

culturally dependent correct incorrect

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. These causes of behaviour include physiological, biochemical and neural motivations.

genetic causes correct incorrect

proximate causes correct incorrect

direct causes correct incorrect

ultimate causes correct incorrect

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. Jackson and colleagues (2005) found these brain areas to activate when viewing images of impending pain and injury.

Anterior cingulated cortex, anterior insulate cortex correct incorrect

Amygdala, hippocampus correct incorrect

Limbic system, cerebellum correct incorrect

Anterior cingulated cortex, amygdala correct incorrect

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. Jack decides to hold the door open for the younger children, because he knows that his teacher is watching. His motivation is:

empathetic correct incorrect

altruistic correct incorrect

egoistic correct incorrect

reciprocated correct incorrect

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. Trivers' evolutionary theory of altruism is directed towards

non-kin correct incorrect

kin correct incorrect

kin and non-kin correct incorrect

ones' off-spring correct incorrect

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. In their work on the bystander effect, Darley and Lante (1968) demonstrated that the presence of others at a scene allows individuals to

accept responsibility correct incorrect

diffuse responsibility correct incorrect

share the responsibility correct incorrect

delegate responsibility correct incorrect

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. According to Darley and Lante (1968) the most people present at a scene,

The less likely any specific person is to offer aid correct incorrect

The most difficult it is to delegate responsibility correct incorrect

The easier it is for the situation to be resolved correct incorrect

The most likely any specific person is to offer aid correct incorrect

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. This term has been used to describe the effect of overexposure to trauma on the ability to maintain empathy

dehumanization correct incorrect

compassion deficit correct incorrect

compassion fatigue correct incorrect

desensitization correct incorrect

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. This word comes from the Latin meaning before and judgement.

Discrimination correct incorrect

Prejudice correct incorrect

Hostility correct incorrect

Stereotype correct incorrect

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. This behavioural consequence of prejudice, involves treating members of a target group more negatively than others.

prejudice correct incorrect

discrimination correct incorrect

hostility correct incorrect

avoidance correct incorrect

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. Stereotypes are often applied when no specific information about a person is available. If information becomes available that _ this stereotype, the stereotype may be abandoned

contradicts correct incorrect

endorses correct incorrect

proves correct incorrect

is irrelevant to correct incorrect

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. The positive stereotype of wealth may be tinged with envy, as such this may be an example of a/an

moderate bias correct incorrect

in-group bias correct incorrect

avoidance mechanism correct incorrect

positive reinforce correct incorrect

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. In-group bias have been found to exist

in Western cultures only correct incorrect

in European cultures only correct incorrect

in adults only correct incorrect

universally correct incorrect

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. This famous study is best known for demonstrations of automatic in-group bias and prejudice against out-groups

The Kitty Genovese case correct incorrect

The Stanford prison experiment correct incorrect

The Robbers cave experiment correct incorrect

The visual cliff experiment correct incorrect

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. Implicit bias can be reduced in people who have been exposed to various social influences such as:

The presence of an admired in-group member correct incorrect

The presence of an admired out-group member correct incorrect

The presence of discrimination against one's in-group correct incorrect

The presence of discrimination against one's out group correct incorrect

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. According to Terror Management theory, individuals accomplish terror management through strengthening beliefs in their worldview and by

Repressing the thought of death correct incorrect

Acting in a prosocial manner correct incorrect

Reducing violent behaviour correct incorrect

Increasing feelings of self-esteem correct incorrect

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. Violence is an aggression act whereby the goal is to

Destroy property correct incorrect

Cause disruption correct incorrect

Inflict physical injury or death correct incorrect

Get a response correct incorrect

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. Poppy pushes another girl in her class out of the way to get to the front of the lunch queue, so that she will get her lunch first. This may be described as what form of aggression?

Bullying correct incorrect

Instrumental aggression correct incorrect

Hostile aggression correct incorrect

Verbal aggression correct incorrect

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. This hypothesis states that the association between aggression and testosterone in men is highly dependent on context and age

The testosterone fluctuation hypothesis correct incorrect

The challenge hypothesis correct incorrect

The frustration-aggression hypothesis correct incorrect

The context dependent hypothesis of aggression correct incorrect