Chapter 21 Self-test questions

. The percentage of participants that obeyed the experimenter and administered shocks to the danger level in Milgram's original obedience study was

1%

50%

65%

95%

. When we are attracted to mates that are similar to us, social psychologists refer to it as

positive attraction

opposite attraction

positive assortment

negative assortment

. According to Robert Zajonic, it is adaptive to be cautious around unfamiliar objects and people, and to be more open to familiar stimuli and individuals. This is the hypothesized basis for the

attraction formation effect

mere exposure effect

foot-in-the-door effect

pursuant effect

. In a study of the mere exposure effect using online chatting, participants who were randomly assigned to chat with the same partner for a greater number of consecutive days

grew to dislike their chatting partners

grew to like their chatting partners

could not remember the names of previous chatting partners

were unable to recall specific examples of conversations

. According to research on age and attractiveness, it seems to be the case that

older women are judged to be more attractive than older men

facial attractiveness declines with age in both sexes

facial attractiveness declines with age only in men

younger women are judged to be less attractive than older men

. Women tend to rate highly masculinized faces in all of the following contexts, EXCEPT:

when evaluating a male as a potential short-term partner

when evaluating a male during peak fertility in the menstrual cycle

when evaluating a male during before the onset of menopause

when evaluating a male as a potential long-term partner

. When people bring their attitudes and behaviours in line with what is perceived as the norm for the group, it is known as

obedience

conformity

social loafing

normalization

. This kind of influence on conformity is based on a rational desire to seek realistic information about some situation from the group and adjust behaviour accordingly.

normative influence

motivational influence

informational influence

cognitive influence

. This special kind of conformity results from group members not wanting to adversely affect group morale, make waves, or appear disloyal to the group leader.

group dynamics

groupthink

obedience

self-observer bias

. Herman (2016) showed that people typically eat more in ground than alone. This is an example of:

Social comparison

Social inhibition

Social facilitation

Social dyads

. Social inhibition takes place when we are

Less likely to engage in a social behaviour in the presence of others

More likely to engage in a social behaviour in the presence of others

Less likely to engage in a social behaviour in one's own presence

More likely to engage in a social behaviour in one's own presence

. According to Deutsch and Gerard (1955) there are two types of motivations and influences to conform. These are:

Informational and normative

Instrumental and hostile

Assertive and defensive

Dispositional and situational

. Informational motivations are based on

The fear of looking foolish

The fear of wanting to be liked

The rational desire to seek realistic information

The desire to climb social ranks

. According to research by Nolan, the best predictor of a person's self-reported conservation efforts was

how beneficial the individual believed this was for the environment

how strongly they believed other people were doing it

how strongly they believed in protecting the environment

their annual income

. This term explains the phenomenon when people obey to harm others

disobedience

conformity

destructive obedience

violence

. This famous study investigates people's willingness to inflict painful and dangerous electric shocks on a stranger when ordered to do so by an experimenter

The shock infliction study

The Stanford Prison experiment

Milgram's behavioural study of obedience

Eichmann's study of conformity

. In a variation of Milgram's experiment, it was found that changing the experimenter's lab coat for casual clothes led to

A drop in obedience

No change in obedience rates

An increase in obedience rates

A 0% obedience rate

. In a re-analysis of the data from 21 of Milgram's 23 conditions, Haslam and colleagues (2014) found all EXCEPT:

Obedience was greater when the learner appeared more vulnerable

Obedience was greater when the teacher was female

Obedience was less when there was peer pressure to disobey

Obedience was less when the learner-teacher interaction was less intimate

. Propinquity refers to

The tendency to mate with a person who is similar to you

The frequency in which people come into contact

The product of the factors that draw one person towards another

The frequency in which people disagree in a social situation

. According to Leary and Kowalski (1990) impression management consists of these two processes:

Impression construction, impression destruction

Impression motivation, impression construction

Impression management, impression compliance

Self-esteem, public identity

. According to Sternberg (1986) love can be viewed as having _ dimensions

three

one

Four

seven

. In longer-term monogamous relationships, _ tends to decline in importance whilst _ and _ tends to increase.

Passion, intimacy, commitment

Intimacy, passion, commitment

Commitment, passion, intimacy

Happiness, commitment, passion

. One critique of Sternberg's triangular theory is that

It is believed to be reductionist

It does not account for same sex relationships

It is outdated

It was based heavily on his own experiences

. According to Sternberg and Grajek's 1984 study, the findings of a factor analysis provided the most support for what model of love?

The hexagon model of love

Sternberg's triangular model

Sternberg's psychometric approach

Thurstone's model

. According to Sternberg, the closer the match between our internal representation of love and those of our partner the

lower the chance of a fulfilling relationship

higher the chance of relationship breakdown

higher the chance of a successful relationship

more work a relationship may need to succeed

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