Chapter 20 Self-test questions

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. This feeling results from a conflict between our attitudes and our behaviour.

cognitive dissonance correct incorrect

self-serving bias correct incorrect

attribution syndrome correct incorrect

fundamental attribution anxiety correct incorrect

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. An attitude is more likely to predict your behaviour if

the attitude is in contrast with your beliefs correct incorrect

the attitude emerges from personal experience correct incorrect

the attitude is learned from your peers correct incorrect

the attitude is learned from your parents correct incorrect

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. Saying "I'll pass, thanks" if you are trying eat healthy and you are offered a donut is an example of_; deciding to follow in a physical training regimen is an example of __.

self-regulation; self-control correct incorrect

self-control; self-sabotage correct incorrect

self-control; self-regulation correct incorrect

self-regulation; self-change correct incorrect

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. Baumeister and colleagues used this analogy to describe the ability for one to exert self-control.

telepathic ability correct incorrect

physical strength correct incorrect

mental model correct incorrect

physical attractiveness correct incorrect

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. The tendency to attribute other people's behaviour to dispositional factors, while ignoring or underestimating the possibility of situational factors is called

the self-serving bias correct incorrect

the fundamental attribution error correct incorrect

the self-observer effect correct incorrect

the framing effect correct incorrect

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. Research on the fundamental attribution error is most limited by the fact that

most behaviour is the result of situational causes correct incorrect

it is very difficult to define where a situation ends and a person begins correct incorrect

people often are not honest in attributing causes to their own behaviour correct incorrect

situational causes are merely illusions correct incorrect

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. Researchers ask a group of four housemates, what percentage of the chores they do in their house. They find that each house mate rates that they do the highest percentage of the housework. This is an example of what cognitive bias?

Positive illusions correct incorrect

Self-serving bias correct incorrect

Positive assortment correct incorrect

Self-concept correct incorrect

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. Mischel and colleagues (2011) found that children who showed better delay gratification in early childhood had

Poorer emotional and cognitive functioning in adolescence correct incorrect

Better emotional and cognitive functioning in adolescence correct incorrect

Lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of illicit drug use in adolescence correct incorrect

Similar emotional and cognition functioning than children who showed poorer delay gratification in early childhood correct incorrect

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. According to Baumeister and colleagues, self- control

is stable throughout life correct incorrect

can be trained like a muscle correct incorrect

is purely genetic in nature correct incorrect

Is the primary predictor of exam performance correct incorrect

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. According to Jones and Davis (1965) we are motivated to make judgements about other people's disposition based on their

mood correct incorrect

appearance correct incorrect

actions correct incorrect

culture correct incorrect

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. According to Kelley (1973) people make attributions when we have additional information available to us, which of these is NOT a source of evidence that Kelley proposed

consensus correct incorrect

intention correct incorrect

distinctiveness correct incorrect

consistency correct incorrect

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. The fundamental attribution error explains the tendency to attribute other people's behaviour

to their upbringing correct incorrect

to situational factors correct incorrect

to their dispositions correct incorrect

against cultural norms correct incorrect

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. According to Gilbert and Malone the FAE evolved because

the ability to make the FAE is not costly correct incorrect

the ability to make rapid attributions has survival advantages correct incorrect

The correspondence inference increases pro-social behaviour correct incorrect

Making situational inferences has survival advantages correct incorrect

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. Some researchers have argued against the evolutionary explanation for the FAE is, this is because

It is difficult to empirically test correct incorrect

The FAE is weaker or non-existed in East Asian cultures correct incorrect

People do not have a general tendency to underestimate situational factors in explaining others behaviour correct incorrect

No genetic component has been found correct incorrect

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. Bauman and Skitka (2010) argued that the FAE may only be present

in Western Cultures correct incorrect

in particular individuals correct incorrect

in particular situations correct incorrect

in males correct incorrect

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. This type of bias has often been described as the flip side of the fundamental attribution error, whereby individuals have a bias in attributing own behaviour primarily to situational factors but others to dispositional factors

The correspondence bias correct incorrect

The internal attribution bias correct incorrect

The actor-observer bias correct incorrect

The self-serving bias correct incorrect

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. Evidence for the actor-observer bias has demonstrated that this bias generally only occurs where individuals are making attributions for

their own positive behaviours correct incorrect

their own negative behaviours correct incorrect

others negative behaviours correct incorrect

others positive behaviours correct incorrect

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. According to this model we can think of attitudes as comprising opinions, emotional responses, and behaviours.

Social comparison theory correct incorrect

Sternberg's triarchic theory correct incorrect

The tripartite model correct incorrect

Attribution theory correct incorrect

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. This uncomfortable state happens when a person's behaviour and attitudes are not congruent.

downward comparison correct incorrect

virtue signalling correct incorrect

identity signalling correct incorrect

cognitive dissonance correct incorrect

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. This important aspect of self-regulation allows us to resist an impulse to satisfy an immediate goal or need

Self-control correct incorrect

Self-concept correct incorrect

Social comparison correct incorrect

Self-serving bias correct incorrect

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. Attitude strength has been found to be affected by all EXCEPT:

expertise in the subject correct incorrect

accessibility correct incorrect

emotional intensity correct incorrect

interior motives correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is NOT a way in which cognitive dissonance can be resolved

Changing one's attitude correct incorrect

Changing one's belief correct incorrect

Changing one's behaviour correct incorrect

Changing one's social group correct incorrect

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. Hannah is part of her university cheerleading team and is often found wearing her teams' logo on her clothing. This is an example of:

Identity signalling correct incorrect

Virtue signalling correct incorrect

Social comparison correct incorrect

Utilitarian functions correct incorrect

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. Symbolic functions of attitudes serve complex psychological needs such as

Predicting future behaviour correct incorrect

Social identity correct incorrect

Making the world easier to understand correct incorrect

Maintaining high levels of self-esteem correct incorrect

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. If negative self-judgements continue over a prolonged period of time, an individuals may engage in

Self-re-evaluation correct incorrect

Cognitive dissonance correct incorrect

Upward-comparison correct incorrect

Self-change correct incorrect