Chapter 16 Self-test questions

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. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of motivated behaviour?

purposeful correct incorrect

caused by a specific mental stage correct incorrect

intentional correct incorrect

adaptive correct incorrect

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. Motivation cannot be directly observed, but it may be measured by examining changes in the

reinforcing consequences of a behaviour correct incorrect

frequency and independence of a behaviour correct incorrect

emotional effort required to perform a behaviour correct incorrect

intensity and persistence of behaviour correct incorrect

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. These are automatic behavioural tendencies that will occur reliably in all members of a species in response to some sort of cue from the environment.

adaptations correct incorrect

regressions correct incorrect

instincts correct incorrect

motivations correct incorrect

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. When modern psychologists discuss reflexes and instincts, they often use this term.

fixed-action patterns correct incorrect

fixed-ratio behaviours correct incorrect

variable-action patterns correct incorrect

variable-skill sets correct incorrect

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. Which of the following statements about instinctual behaviour qualifies as a circular explanation?

Men are more interested in action movies because men are more aggressive. correct incorrect

Adolescents experience mood swings because of the changes in their hormonal secretions. correct incorrect

Humans are motivated to find mates because doing so is pleasurable and adaptive. correct incorrect

Babies instinctually turn their heads and open their mouths when something strokes their cheek so that they are prepared to feed. correct incorrect

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. The balance state that drive theorists believe all motivation is designed to maintain is called

homeostasis correct incorrect

homeopathy correct incorrect

needs hierarchy correct incorrect

self-actualization correct incorrect

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. Approaching a task for the experience of doing it, like volunteering on the weekends because you enjoy working with others, is likely the result of

intrinsic motivation correct incorrect

extrinsic motivation correct incorrect

drive reduction correct incorrect

self-actualization correct incorrect

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. Which of the following needs did Kenrick and colleagues discard from Maslow's original pyramid?

self-actualization needs correct incorrect

physiological needs correct incorrect

safety needs correct incorrect

esteem/respect needs correct incorrect

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. Immediate needs for food, water, and shelter are on this level of analysis in Kenrick's pyramid.

fundamental correct incorrect

evolutionary correct incorrect

cognitive correct incorrect

developmental correct incorrect

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. If Dave describes Jen as an honest, conscientious, and sociable person, the words he uses refer to

adjectives correct incorrect

personalities correct incorrect

traits correct incorrect

factors correct incorrect

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. Though traits are used to categorized people in terms of the behaviours they are likely to present, they can be problematic because

there are not enough traits to label every human behaviour correct incorrect

people should not be put into categories in an individualist society correct incorrect

psychologists are interested in behaviours that are predictable correct incorrect

people may behave differently from one situation to the next correct incorrect

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. A person's belief about his or her ability to accomplish a task, especially at work, is called

perceived self-monitoring correct incorrect

perceived self-efficacy correct incorrect

perceived competence correct incorrect

perceived performance correct incorrect

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. The homeostatic drive to satisfy needs for immediate energy and nutrition is called

appetite correct incorrect

hunger correct incorrect

bingeing correct incorrect

thirst correct incorrect

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. This term is used to describe a steady, regulated state where various physiological processes are maintained at appropriate levels

arousal correct incorrect

drives correct incorrect

homeostasis correct incorrect

instincts correct incorrect

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. John constantly starts arguments because he is argumentative is an example of a/an:

fixed-action pattern correct incorrect

extrinsic motivation correct incorrect

incentive correct incorrect

circular explanation correct incorrect

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. When a person experiencing conflicting emotions or motivations, they are said to be in a state known as

conflict correct incorrect

control correct incorrect

confusion correct incorrect

ambivalence correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is an example of an ambivalent state

Jen is trying to save money, so she does not go shopping correct incorrect

Jen is trying to save money, but has seen a new bag that she wants to buy correct incorrect

Jen has just got a promotion, so buys a new bag correct incorrect

Jen likes shopping with her friends correct incorrect

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. This theory of motivation believes that behaviour is motivated primarily by the desire to reduce unpleasant conditions of arousal resulting from basic psychological needs

Homeostasis correct incorrect

Drive theory correct incorrect

Self-efficacy correct incorrect

Goal setting theory correct incorrect

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. If Louie cleans his room, his parents give him pocket money. The category of motivation which leads to Louie cleaning his room is:

intrinsic correct incorrect

extrinsic correct incorrect

dependent correct incorrect

independent correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is the first category at the very bottom of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Self-actualization correct incorrect

Safety needs correct incorrect

Physiological needs correct incorrect

Needs for love and belonging correct incorrect

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. Unlike self-efficacy, locus of control is a more general orientation. Which of the following statements is TRUE

Self-efficacy and locus of control can both be considered aspects of personality correct incorrect

Self-efficacy is stable across situations correct incorrect

Locus of control is unstable across situations correct incorrect

Locus of control is stable across situations, whereas self-efficacy is not. correct incorrect

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. Sam holds the belief that intelligence is malleable, and if he works harder he can do better on his exams. According to Dweck (2000), Sam holds a:

Growth mindset correct incorrect

Fixed mindset correct incorrect

Entity mindset correct incorrect

Incremental mindset correct incorrect

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. According to Dweck (2010) there are three ways in which students with fixed and growth mindsets respond differently in an academic situation. Which of the following is NOT one of these differences?

Students with fixed mindsets avoid challenges, whereas those with growth mindsets do not correct incorrect

Those with a fixed mindset regard their abilities as unresponsive to effort, whereas those with growth mindset believe that if they can achieve if they work hard correct incorrect

Those with a fixed mindset are discouraged by failure, whereas those with a growth mindset see this as an opportunity to develop correct incorrect

Those with a fixed mindset only engage with a task when there is an intrinsic reward, whereas those with a growth mindset only engage with a task if there is an extrinsic reward correct incorrect

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. Motivations can be measured by looking at the intensity and persistence of a behaviour. Which of the following describes a high intensity behaviour

attending all of your lectures over the academic year correct incorrect

pulling an all-night study session to meet your coursework deadline correct incorrect

going to a concert even though you need to save money correct incorrect

going for a walk in your lunch break correct incorrect

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. Motivations can be measured by looking at the intensity and persistence of a behaviour. Which of the following describes a persistent behaviour

attending all of your lectures over the academic year correct incorrect

pulling an all-night study session to meet your coursework deadline correct incorrect

going to a concert even though you need to save money correct incorrect

going for a walk in your lunch break correct incorrect