Chapter 10 Self-test questions

Thinking and language
. This theoretical idea states that the mind was designed to process and manipulate information.

. The two primary components of thinking in terms of representing information are called:

. In Daniel Kahneman's theory, the system of thought that is rapid, intuitive, effortless, and automatic, is called

. In Daniel Kahneman's theory, the system of thought that is slower, effortful and demands concentration and attention

. This procedure for solving problems will work as long as you input information in the appropriate manner.

. When our thoughts about certain events are easily "accessible" to our consciousness, we tend to overestimate their likelihood of occurrence of the event. This is known as the

. To say that the base rate of Americans with depression is 5 percent, whereas the base rate of having the first name "John" is 20 percent, it means that

. In order to experience insight while solving a problem, one must first experience this state.

. When people pay more attention to events that are consistent with their own predictions while ignoring other events, this is an example of

. Humans are able to use a relatively small number of words and grammatical structures of a language to compose a theoretically infinite number of sentences. This is called

. When humans use language to converse about things that do not exist, are abstract, or have yet to occur, linguists refer to it as

. In linguistic theory, children use this innate knowledge to acquire the specific language spoken by the caregivers.

. When children make language errors like saying "taked" instead of "took," or "badder" instead of "worse," linguists believe it is evidence for an innate language faculty because

. Susan Hespos and Elizabeth Spelke (2004) observed that the Korean language, but not the English language, uses entirely different verbs to describe whether an object fits loosely or tightly inside or on top of another. This is an example of the

. When nonhuman animals communicate with one another, the system of communication is always

. Studies of language learning with primates like Kanzi, Nim, and Washoe demonstrated that primates are able to communicate with human language

. This term refers to an example of a concept or strategy that is thought to be particularly typical or representative

. This problem-strategy is the most basic, where solutions are tried out and eliminated one at a time

. This type of heuristic biases people towards using the mental information that is more readily accessible to them

. According to Knoblich and colleagues _ occurs when we change the way we mentally represent the problem

. This type of bias happens when there is a tendency to pay more attention and place more weight to evidence that confirms what we already believe

. This theory opposes the existence of an innate language faculty

. According to Kosslyn, as well as a way to represent objects and situations, mental images allow

. The concepts of life and death can be considered as

. This phenomenon states that once a belief is formed, it is resistant to change even in light of disconfirming evidence

Back to top