4.01. On this website, University of Delaware provides a short introduction to the industrial revolution.
http://www.udel.edu/fllt/faculty/aml/201files/IndRev.html

4.02. Click here to read an introduction to the industrial revolution. The site is powered by Wikipedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution

4.03. This site contains an introduction to the moral and political philosophy of the famous liberal theorist Jeremy Bentham. The site is hosted by University of Tennessee at Martin.
http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/b/bentham.htm

4.04. Click here for a comprehensive collection of links to Jeremy Bentham’s works, maintained by University College London.
http://www.benthampapers.ucl.ac.uk/

4.05. Oregon State University maintains this site which provides a biography of the British liberal John Locke as well as links to online versions of his major works.
http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl201/modules/Philosophers/Locke/locke.html

4.06. On this website Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy provides a more comprehensive introduction to the philosophy of John Locke.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/

4.07. Click here to read the full text of Immanuel Kant’s Perpetual Peace. The text is provided by Constitution Society.
http://www.constitution.org/kant/perpeace.htm

4.08. A general introduction to the social and political philosophy of Kant can be found via this link. The website is powered by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/

 

Sociological Liberalism

4.09. In this essay, Riva Kastoryano discusses “The Reach of Transnationalism”. The essay is provided by Social Science Research Council.
http://essays.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/kastoryano.htm

4.10. Click here to obtain information about University of Chicago’s Transnationalism Project. 
http://transnationalism.uchicago.edu/

4.11. The Global Policy Forum (GPF) provides links to information and analysis about transnational NGOs in global policy-making.
http://www.globalpolicy.org/ngos/

4.12. Click here to read a paper entitled “NATO as a Factor of Security Community Building: Enlargement and Democratization in Central and Eastern Europe”. The paper is written by Corneliu Bjola, Central European University.
http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/99-01/bjola.pdf

4.13. Click here to read a paper by Emanuel Adler and Beverly Crawford about the constitution of security communities through socialization processes and communities of practice. The site is powered by Semantics Scholar
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/12df/edf5d885b1e27ba46137af04c4354d30412d.pdf?_ga=2.266437006.1623255856.1497422616-508697523.1497422616

4.14. Click here for a special theme issue of The International Journal of Peace Studies. The issue is about John Burton’s works.
http://www.gmu.edu/academic/ijps/vol6_1/cover6_1.htm

 

Interdependence Liberalism

4.15. Click here to read the paper “The Formation and Transformation of Trading States: Liberalization and State Institutional Change since 1947”. The paper is written by Richard H. Steinberg, UCLA School of Law.
http://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/steinberg_05.pdf

4.16. Another essay written by Richard H. Steinberg deals with “Great Power management of the World Trading System”.
http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5001362697

4.17. In his paper, “The Resurgent Japanese Economy and a Japan–United States Free Trade Agreement”, C. Fred Bergsten analyses developments in the Japanese economy since 1990. The paper is provided by Institute for International Economics.
https://piie.com/commentary/speeches-papers/resurgent-japanese-economy-and-japan-united-states-free-trade-agreement

4.18. Click here to read an extract from a paper written by Richard Rosecrance in which he explores the development of states from trading states to virtual states. The paper was published in Foreign Affairs.
http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/r/rosecrance-virtual.html

4.19. Click here for an assessment of Keynes and Mitrany’s role in the creation of European governance. The analysis is provided by Gerhard Michael Ambrosi, University of Trier.
http://www.uni-trier.de/fileadmin/fb4/prof/VWL/EWP/Publikationen/Ambrosi/keymitr.pdf

4.20. Here, Colleen E. Miller provides an analysis of “The European Court of Justice and Judicial Precedent as Tools of Integration in Competition Policy”? The paper is provided by Carleton College.
http://www.acad.carleton.edu/curricular/POSC/faculty/montero/Colleen%20Miller.doc

4.21. In this paper, Andrés Malamud, European University Institute, makes an assessment of “Spillover in European and South American Integration”.
http://www.cies.iscte.pt/documents/CIES-WP1.pdf             

4.23. Click here to read the paper “Power and Interdependence in the Information Age”, written by Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. The article is provided by University of Leeds.
http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/pmt/exhibits/534/power.pdf

4.24. In this interview, Joseph S. Nye, Jr. provides information about his research work.
http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/conversations/Nye/

4.25. In this paper, published in Alternatives, Hüseyin Işiksal analyses the challenge of complex interdependence to structural realism.
http://alternatives.yalova.edu.tr/article/view/5000159557/5000143970

 

Institutional Liberalism

 4.26. Click here to read Wilson’s Fourteen Points. The site is maintained by the Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/wilson14.asp

4.27. The article “Theories and Empirical Studies of International Institutions” by Lisa L. Martin and Beth A. Simmons provides an overview of the historical development in the study of international institutions.
https://www.uia.org/s/or/en/1100043462

4.28. Click here to read Mark A. Pollack’s paper “International Relations theory and European Integration”. The paper is provided by the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
http://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6538446.pdf

4.29. Click here to see the official website of the European Union.
http://europa.eu/

4.30. The homepage of OECD contains documents, news and statistics from the organization.
http://www.oecd.org/

4.31. Click here to read documents and news from the World Trade Organization (WTO).
http://www.wto.org/

 

Theory of Democratic Peace (republican liberalism)

4.32. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopaedia, provides a definition of democracy and an introduction to the basic principles of democracy in general.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy

4.33. Click here for an overview about the basic principles of liberal democracy.
http://australianpolitics.com/democracy/key-terms/liberal-democracy

4.34. This site provides several links to papers and other documents on the theory of democratic peace. The site is hosted by University of Hawaii.
http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/DP.IS_WHAT.HTM

4.35. This essay, once again by Michael Doyle, discusses the idea of institutional liberalism. 
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/themes/peace/doyle/

4.36. Click here to read the paper “Liberalism and World Politics”, written by Michael Doyle. 
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1960861?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

4.37. Click here to access the homepage of Stanford University’s Comparative Democratization Project. Among other things, the homepage provides a comprehensive collection of links to Internet resources on democratization.
http://web.stanford.edu/dept/iis/democracy/Home.html

4.38. The homepage of Freedom House contains a lot of information about democratization in the world today.
http://www.freedomhouse.org/

4.39. Click here to read an essay which discusses the effect of democratization on the nature of international relations. The essay is provided by Princeton University.
http://www.princeton.edu/~amoravcs/library/liberalism_working.pdf

4.40. In this paper, Marc F. Plattner provides an analysis of “Sovereignty and Democracy”. The paper was published in Policy Review and is provided by the Hoover Institution, Stanford University
http://www.hoover.org/research/sovereignty-and-democracy

4.41. In “Winners or Losers? Democracies in International Crises 1918-1994” Christopher Gelpi and Michael Griesdorf explore the validity of the theory of democratic peace. 
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3118238?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

4.42. For an analysis of democratization in Eastern Europe, click here to read the paper “On Democratisation and Economic Conditions in Eastern Europe”, written by Bernd Hayo, University of Phillips-Universität, Marburg. 
http://www.uni-marburg.de/fb02/makro/forschung/lehrstuhl/artikel/a_note_on_democratization.pdf  

4.43. In his paper “Islam and Liberal Democracy: Two Visions of Reformation”, Robin Wright explores the possibility of democratizing Islamic countries. 
http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/downloads/JoD7.2-Robin-Wright.pdf

4.44. Another paper on democracy in Islamic countries is also provided by Mount Holyoke College. The paper is written by Abdou Filali-Ansary and is entitled “Islam and Liberal Democracy: The Challenge of Secularization”.
http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/downloads/JoD7.2-Abdou-Filali-Ansary.pdf

4.45. In this paper, Shireen T. Hunter discusses obstacles and remedies in the process of “Modernization and Democratization in the Muslim World”.
http://www.iranomid.de/IranOmid/en/ARCHVS/CSIS_modernization.pdf

4.46. Click here to read the introduction from Francis Fukuyama’s book The End of History and the Last Man (1992), provided by the Marxists Internet Archive. 
http://www.Marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/us/fukuyama.htm

 

Weak and Strong Liberalism

4.47. Click here to read a paper which discusses the existence of relative and absolute gains in international politics. The paper is written by David L. Rousseau and is provided by University of Pennsylvania.
http://www.albany.edu/~dr967231/papers/absrel5.pdf

4.48. Andrew Moravcsik’s home page provides links to some of his papers.
http://www.princeton.edu/~amoravcs/

4.49. Click here to read a paper written by G. John Ikenberry. The paper is entitled “Why Export Democracy?: The ‘Hidden Grand Strategy’ of American Foreign Policy” and was published in The Wilson Quarterly.
http://archive.wilsonquarterly.com/essays/why-export-democracy

 

Current Liberal Research Agenda

4.50. In this paper, James L. Richardson advocates the creation of a new liberal approach to International Relations: Critical Liberalism. The paper is provided by Australian National University.
https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/41669/3/02-7.pdf

4.51. In this article, published in Policy Review, Robert Kagan argues against the idea that a liberal, democratic world has emerged following the end of the Cold War. The site is maintained by the Hoover Institution
http://www.hoover.org/research/end-dreams-return-history

4.52. Here, you can read the full text of the Liberal International Manifesto from 1997. The manifesto is provided by Liberal International.
http://www.liberal-international.org/site/Manifesto.html#2

4.53. This site provides a lot of articles that deals with the “idea and practice of the war on terrorism".
https://www.globalpolicy.org/war-on-terrorism.html

4.54. Click here to read the essay “Straight talk on terrorism”, written by Eqbal Ahmad. The essay is provided by High Beam.
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-82137013.html

4.55. The homepage of the Terrorism Research Center provides information about terrorists, terrorist attacks as well as several papers on terrorism.
http://www.terrorism.org/

4.56. On this website, Oklahoma Department of Libraries provides links to US Government Documents on Terrorism and September 11, 2001.
https://libraries.ok.gov/us-gov/bibliography-of-documents-related-to-911/

4.57. Click here to read the US Patriot Act to Combat Terrorism. The site is hosted by the Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/sept_11.asp

4.58. Click here to read an essay on the philosophy of terrorism, written by Ted Honderich. The paper is provided by State University of New York at Buffalo.
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith//courses01/rrtw/Honderich.htm

4.59. In this paper, Peter Simpson discusses “The War on Terrorism: its Moral Justification and Limits”. The paper is provided by State University of New York at Buffalo.
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith//courses01/rrtw/Simpson.htm

 

Assignments

1. Evaluate the prospects for democratic peace in a region of your choice, based on the empirical information you are able to retrieve.

2. Try to formulate other case-studies based on liberalism.

 

Case Study: The Nobel Peace Prize

The 2014 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the young Pakistani schoolgirl, Malala Yousafzai and Indian children's rights activist, Kailash Satyarthi.

Malala Yousafzai and Kailash Satyarthi win Nobel Peace prize: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQ6nkFnFsdM

Watch the video and discuss the following points:

· How is a child’s – and a girl’s' in particular – right to education related to progress and peace? Will better access to education lead to a qualitative change of the international system? Why?

· Which (if any) of the strands of liberalism – sociological, interdependence, institutional or republican – provides the best framework for understanding and explaining the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to Ms Yousafzai and Mr Satyarthi?

· Do you agree with the claim that education, development, and human rights are completely irrelevant factors in a neorealist framework? Why?