The Concept of Foreign Policy

10.01. The homepage of the Foreign Policy Association provides information about many different foreign policy topics as e.g. defence and security, global development and terrorism.
http://www.fpa.org/

10.02. U.S. Diplomatic History Resources Index provides links to the homepages of several foreign ministries as well as a comprehensive collection of documents related to foreign policy.
http://www.sarantakes.com/stuff.html

10.03. Click here for introductory resources on US foreign policy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States

10.04. Click here for access to a comprehensive collection of documents related to American Foreign Policy. The documents, which are primarily from the Cold War period, are provided by Mount Holyoke College.
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/coldwar.htm

10.05. Here, the US State Department provides an introduction to the foundations of American foreign policy 1969-72.
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/i/21100.htm

10.06. For information about EU’s foreign policy, click here. The site is maintained by the EU.
http://europa.eu/pol/cfsp/index_en.htm

10.07. For a discussion of whether globalization has made nations redundant, click here to read an essay written by Noëlle Burgi and Philip S. Golub. The essay is provided by Global Policy Forum.
http://www.globalpolicy.org/nations/global.htm

 

Foreign-Policy Analysis

10.08. Click here to visit the homepage of Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis (IFPA). Among other things, the website provides access to a wide range of reports, studies and articles related to foreign policy analysis.
http://www.ifpa.org/home.htm

10.09. Click here to read the paper “Approaches to the Study of Foreign Policy Derived from International Relations Theory”. The paper, which is written by Volker Rittberger, is provided by the University of Tubingen.
https://publikationen.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10900/47326/pdf/tap46.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

10.10. Here, you can read Niccoló Machiavelli’s famous book The Prince. The on-line version of the book is provided by Fordham University.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/machiavelli-prince.html

10.11. Click here for a comprehensive collection of links to websites on Hugo Grotius. Among other things, you can read about Grotius’ famous book On the Law of War and Peace. The website is hosted by Stanford University.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/grotius/

10.12. “George F. Kennan on the Web” provides on-line access to several articles written by George F. Kennan as well as a short biography of Kennan.
http://www.russilwvong.com/future/kennan.html

10.13. Click here to read “The US and the World: An Interview with George Kennan”. Kennan was interviewed by New York Review of Books on August 12, 1999.
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.indian/msg/8a35cc9e2ef81c8d

10.14. Click here to read a short biography of Henry Kissinger. The site is hosted by Nobelprize.org.
http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/1973/kissinger-bio.html

10.15. Here, Third World Traveler provides access to “[s]everal articles and book excerpts critical of the former Secretary of State [i.e. Kissinger], and links for related websites”.
http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Kissinger/HKissinger.html

10.16. In the essay “Hans Morgenthau and the Iraq war: realism versus neo-conservatism”, John J. Mearsheimer discusses whether the classical realism advocated by Morgenthau supports the Iraq war. The essay is provided by open Democracy.
http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-americanpower/morgenthau_2522.jsp

10.17. Here, Wikipedia provides a short introduction to the term Realpolitik.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realpolitik

10.18. Click here to read the paper “Understanding the Common Foreign and Security Policy: Analytical Building Blocks”. The paper is written by Helene Sjursen and is provided by ARENA.
http://www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/publications/arena-working-papers/2001-2010/2003/wp03_9.pdf

10.19. In their paper “Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations”, Valerie Hudson discusses that “all that occurs between nations and across nations is grounded in human decision makers acting singly or in groups”.
https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/331946/mod_resource/content/1/Hudson-2005-Foreign_Policy_Analysis.pdf

10.20. Click here to read a paper written by Robert O. Keohane. The paper is entitled “Pathways to Fulfilment of Commitments in US Foreign Policy” and is provided by Duke University. Please note that the paper is a draft.
http://www.duke.edu/~dcross/Keohane1.pdf

10.21. For a discussion of realist and liberal influences on US foreign policy debates, click here to read an essay written by Robert S. Litwak. The essay is entitled “The Imperial Republic after 9/11” and is provided by the Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars.
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/imperial.pdf

10.22. Click here to read a paper written by Lisbeth Aggestam in which she “explores the prospects for a European foreign policy by comparing identity and the role conceptions among British, French and German policy-makers in the 1990s”. The paper is provided by ARENA.
http://www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/publications/arena-working-papers/1994-2000/1999/wp99_8.htm

10.23. Here, you can read a paper written by Henning Boekle, Volker Rittberger and Wolfgang Wagner. The paper is entitled “Norms and Foreign Policy: Constructivist Foreign Policy Theory” and is provided by University of Tubingen.
https://publikationen.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10900/47193/pdf/tap34a.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

10.24. In his articles for Foreign Policy, Stephen Walt discusses foreign policy from a realist perspective. Walt discusses very contemporary issues and updates almost every day.
http://foreignpolicy.com/author/stephen-m-walt/

10.25. Click here for an analysis of “Russian Foreign Policy Discourse during the Kosovo Crisis”. The paper is written by Guillaume Colin and is provided CERI.
http://www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/sites/sciencespo.fr.ceri/files/qdr12.pdf

 

Foreign Policy Choices

10.26. For thorough information about the Cyprus problem, click here to visit the homepage of Kypros-Net.
http://www.kypros.org/Cyprus_Problem/

10.27. For an assessment of US foreign policy towards North Korea, click here to read an article by Scott A. Snyder. The article is provided by the Council for Foreign Relations.
http://www.cfr.org/north-korea/us-policy-toward-north-korea/p29962

10.28. Here, you can read another article on US foreign policy towards North Korea. The article, which is written by William R. Polk, is entitled “North Korea, Iran and the United States: The Dangerous Games Nations Play” and is provided by Japan Focus.
http://www.japanfocus.org/-William_R_-Polk/1955

10.29. The MidEast Web provides a “Concise Overview of Recent Israeli-Palestinian History” as well as timelines and information about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
http://www.mideastweb.org/timeline.htm 

10.30. Click here for a comprehensive timeline of the Arab-Israeli Conflict and Peace process.
https://static.wixstatic.com/ugd/065c30_26ae177db51b45f1aee376cfd091a704.pdf

10.31. Click here to read the press statement “A Performance-Based Roadmap to a Permanent Two-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict”. The press statement is provided by the Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/21st_century/roadmap.asp

10.32. Scroll through the articles, statistics and academic papers on Kosovo to get a comprehensive overview of the events leading up to the Kosovo crisis in 1999 (as well as newer articles). This homepage is provided by crisisgroup.org.
https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/balkans/kosovo

10.33. This website provides information of the early military campaign in Kosovo. Furthermore, Google “CNN Allied Force Index Kosovo”. This provides a range of articles on the allied forces’ military campaign in the Spring, 1999.
http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9903/24/nato.attack.bullet/

10.34. On this site, NATO provides information about its role in Kosovo, from the historical background to the most recent events.
http://www.nato.int/kosovo/kosovo.htm

10.35. Click here for a paper which discusses the legitimacy of NATO’s 1999 intervention in Kosovo. The paper is written by Hideaki Shinoda and is provided by The Global Site.
http://alt.sagepub.com/content/25/4/515.extract

10.36. Here, you can read “A Review of NATO’s War over Kosovo”, written by Noam Chomsky. The article, which presents a critical view of the NATO air strikes, was published in Z Magazine, 2001.
http://www.chomsky.info/articles/200005--.htm

10.37. The homepage of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) provides information about the organization as well as links to publications and issues related to the activities of NATO.
http://www.nato.int/

10.38. In his paper “Is Cold War Experience Applicable to Southern Asia?” in the book “Nuclear Risk Reduction in South Asia”, Michael Krepon provides information about nuclear risk reduction during the Cold War as well as an assessment of whether the same measures can be used today. The link is provided by Google Books (page 7 to 20).
https://books.google.dk/books?id=mJaHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=stimson+Is+Cold+War+Experience+Applicable+to+Southern+Asia&source=bl&ots=-eDdpXXS3m&sig=ONhCSNCgXqCmqCxG1fMKIc1kNlA&hl=da&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiz4s-evNPUAhUiOpoKHVH7APMQ6AEIVjAH#v=onepage&q=stimson%20Is%20Cold%20War%20Experience%20Applicable%20to%20Southern%20Asia&f=false

10.39. The National Security Archive at the George Washington University maintains a comprehensive collection of on-line documents on the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/

10.40. For an assessment of the doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), click here to read an article written by Col. Alan J. Parrington. The article was published in Aerospace Power Journal in 1997.
http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj97/win97/parrin.html

10.41. The homepage of the Terrorism Research Center provides information about terrorists, terrorist attacks as well as several papers on terrorism.
http://www.terrorism.org

10.42. Another comprehensive website on terrorism is provided by the Council on Foreign Relations.
https://www.cfr.org/defense-and-security/terrorism-and-counterterrorism

 

America’s National Security Strategy

10.43. Here, Greenfield History site provides information about the Truman doctrine and the policy of containment.
http://www.johndclare.net/cold_war8_TrumanDoctrine.htm

10.44. For more information about the US policy of containment during the Cold War, click here to read the article “Containment: 40 Years Later: Introduction”. The article is written by William G. Hyland and is provided by Foreign Affairs.
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russian-federation/1987-03-01/containment-40-years-later-introduction

10.45. For a short introduction to deterrence, click here to read an extract from John Lewis Gaddis’ book Strategies of Containment. The extract is provided by Nuclear Files.org.
http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/history/cold-war/strategy/strategy-deterrence.htm

10.46. Click here to read George W. Bush’s “National Security Strategy of the United States of America” (September 20, 2002).
http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article2320.htm

10.47. Here, you can read the US National Strategy for Combating Terrorism (February 2006). The publication is provided by CBS news.
http://www.globalsecurity.org/security/library/policy/national/counter_terrorism_strategy.pdf

10.48. In his essay “Toward Universal Empire: The Dangerous Quest for Absolute Security”, David C. Hendrickson provides an analysis of US foreign policy after September 11. The essay was published in World Policy Journal, Fall 2002.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/40209814?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

10.49. For a critique of the doctrine of pre-emption, click here to read an article written by Ivo H. Daalder and James Lindsay. The article was published in Los Angeles Times.
http://articles.latimes.com/2004/may/30/opinion/op-daalder30  

10.50. For another critique of the doctrine of pre-emption, click here to read an essay written by Douglas Kellner. The essay is entitled “Preemptive Strikes and the War on Iraq: A Critique of Bush Administration Unilateralism and Militarism” and is provided by UCLA.
https://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/essays/preemptivestrikesoniraq.pdf

10.51. Here, Joseph Nye provides a discussion of unilateralism versus multilateralism as a foreign policy strategy. The article is provided by Project Syndicate.
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/13/opinion/13iht-ednye_ed3_.html

10.52. Click here to read a paper on “U.S. Policy and Practice Regarding Multilateral Peace Operations”. The paper is written by Sarah B. Sewall and is provided by Harvard University.
https://www.innovations.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/PKO.pdf

10.53. On this website, Oklahoma Department of Libraries provides links to US Government Documents on Terrorism and September 11, 2001.
https://libraries.ok.gov/us-gov/bibliography-of-documents-related-to-911/

10.55. This site contains “an in-depth examination of the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf crisis” made by FRONTLINE.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/

10.56. Click here to read Wikipedia’s introduction to the Gulf War.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War

10.57. Click here to read the ‘Report on the Conduct of the Persian Gulf War’ presented in 1992 to the American Congress.
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1992/cpgw.pdf

 

Think Tanks

10.58. Here, you can read an analysis of “The Role of Think Tanks in U.S. Foreign Policy”. The analysis is produced by the US Department of State.
http://www.alzaytouna.net/arabic/data/attachments/2007/ENG_Role-Think-Tanks-USA_USINFO-Nov-2002.pdf

10.59. Click here to read the essay “Think Tanks, Public Policy and the Politics of Expertise” by Andrew Rich
http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam041/2003065392.pdf

10.60. Here, Brookings Institute provides a short biography of Ivo Daalder as well as links to on-line texts written by Daalder.
http://www.brookings.edu/experts/daalderi  

10.61. Click here to visit the home page of the Carnegie Endowment
http://carnegieendowment.org/

10.62. Click here to access the homepage of Thomas Friedman which, among other things, contains several links to columns written by Friedman.
http://www.thomaslfriedman.com/

10.63. In the essay “The Fabrications of Thomas Friedman”, John Chuckman discusses Thomas Friedman’s view on US foreign policy towards Israel. The essay is provided by Counterpunch.
http://www.counterpunch.org/2002/04/11/the-fabrications-of-thomas-friedman/

10.64. You can read a number of articles written by Michael Hirsh here.
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/authors/michael-hirsh

10.65. Click here to read the essay “How to Escape the Oil Trap” written by Fareed Zakaria.
http://www.newsweek.com/how-escape-oil-trap-117799

10.66. Click here to access the homepage of the think tank The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace.
http://www.hoover.org/

10.67. Another think tank, The Royal Institute of International Affairs, provides research about e.g. Africa and the Middle East. The Royal Institute of International Affairs is also known as Chatham House.
http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/

10.68. Here, you can access the website of the Canadian International Council (CIC).
http://www.thecic.org/

10.69. “The AIIA is an independent, non-profit organisation seeking to promote interest in and understanding of international affairs in Australia”. Click here to visit the homepage of the Australian Institute of International Affairs.
http://www.aiia.asn.au/

10.70. Click here to access the foreign policy section at the homepage of the Brookings Institution.
http://www.brookings.edu/about/programs/foreign-policy  

10.71. Amnesty International (AI) is a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights. Click here to visit the homepage of Amnesty International.
http://www.amnesty.org/

10.72. “Greenpeace exists because this fragile Earth deserves a voice. It needs solutions. It needs change. It needs action”. Click here to access the homepage of Greenpeace.
http://www.greenpeace.org/international/