1.01. Click here for a comprehensive site on Ancient Greece, maintained by Thomas Sakoulas who is a Professor and Chair of the Art Department at the State University of New York. The site provides, among other things, information about history, politics and culture. 
http://ancient-greece.org/index.html

1.02. This site contains information about the Roman Empire, its history and its political institutions.
http://www.roman-empire.net/

1.03. “The Internet Medieval Sourcebook” which is maintained by Fordham University provides links to documents from the era of the medieval empire.
http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/sbook1l.asp

1.04. “Best of History Web Sites” aims to provide quick, convenient, and reliable access to the best history-oriented resources online in a wide range of categories. There is a broad selection of links to websites on Medieval European history.
http://besthistorysites.net/medieval-history/europe/

1.05. “The History of Byzantium” is a collection of over 100 podcasts dedicated to the story of the Roman Empire from the fall of the West in 476 to the fall of Constantinople in 1453. The site is maintained by Robin Pierson.  
https://thehistoryofbyzantium.com/

1.06. Click here to read the full text of the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia which established modern European international society. The site is maintained by the Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/westphal.asp

1.07. “The Internet Medieval Sourcebook” which is maintained by Fordham University provides links to primary documents concerning the imperialism in all parts of the world.
http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook34.asp

 

Important Historical Events in International Relations

1.08. Click here for a discussion of the concept of war as well as links to related web resources. The site is maintained by Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/war/

1.10. Click here to read the full text of the Covenant of the League of Nations. The text is provided by Yale University.
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/leagcov.asp

1.11. Click here for an essay written by Gene Smiley on the economic consequences of the Great Depression.
http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/GreatDepression.html

1.12. Here BBC provides a short overview of previous financial crises.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6958091.stm

1.13. This site hosted by FRONTLINE contains interviews, analyses, videos, discussions and a timeline of the financial crisis of 2007-2009.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meltdown/

1.15. This site contains a comprehensive list of documents, public speeches and treaties from World War II, including the Yalta Agreement and the Atlantic Charter. The site is maintained by the Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/wwii.asp

1.16.(i)  Click here for a comprehensive site on decolonisation, maintained by the UN.
http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/

1.16. (ii) Click here to read the report “Countering the Changing Threat of International Terrorism”, written by the US National Commission on Terrorism. The report is provided by the Federation of American Scientists.
https://fas.org/irp/threat/commission.html

1.18. Click here for a comprehensive collection of links to web resources on Islam. The site is by Dr. Alan Godlas of the University of Georgia.
http://islam.uga.edu/

 

Statehood today and in the future

1.21. In this paper, Martin van Creveld discusses “The Fate of the State”.
http://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/parameters/articles/96spring/creveld.htm

1.22. Click here to read an essay on the challenge of Environmental NGOs to state sovereignty.
http://www2.law.ucla.edu/raustiala/publications/States%20NGOs%20and%20International%20Environmental%20Institutions.pdf

1.24. Click here for a paper, written by Timothy W. Luke, which is entitled “Nationality and Sovereignty in the New World Order”.
http://www.cddc.vt.edu/tim/tims/Tim470.PDF

1.25. To find out more about Kenneth Waltz’ view on the future role of the state, click here to read his paper “Globalization and Governance”. The site is maintained by the University of California, Irvine.
https://webfiles.uci.edu/schofer/classes/2010soc2/readings/8%20Waltz%201999%20Globalization%20Governance.pdf

1.26. Click here to read a paper written by Peter F. Drucker. The paper is entitled “The Global Economy and the Nation State”.
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/9380475/global-economy-nation-state

1.27. Another contribution to the debate about the prospects of statehood is written by Stephen J. Del Rosso, Jr. The paper is entitled “The Insecure State (What Future for the State?)”.
http://www.unz.org/Pub/Daedalus-1995q1-00175

1.29. Click here to read a paper written by Michael Nicholson on “Globalization, Weak States and Failed States”, provided by University of California, Santa Barbara.
http://www.comm.ucsb.edu/faculty/mstohl/failed_states/1999/papers/Nicholson.html

1.30. Here, you find a thorough introduction to nationalism. The site is maintained by Stanford University.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nationalism/

1.31. In this article, published in International Journal of Multicultural Societies, Francois Rocher of Carleton University, Ottawa, analyses “how Canada’s French Minority in Quebec developed a nationalist discourse and used its provincial state to strengthen its economic and political status within the federation”. The article is provided by UNESCO.
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001390/139048E.pdf

1.32. At this website EuroTopics presents a special on separatism in Europe.
http://archiv.eurotopics.net/en/home/presseschau/archiv/magazin/politik-verteilerseite/separatimus_2007_07/separatismus_interne_links/

 

Links to current affairs

Diplomatic Courier is an independent publication. It covers the latest ideas and processes in diplomacy, negotiations, conflict resolution, international affairs, peace-building, and rule of law as well as concepts and theories from a variety of related disciplines. The contributors consist of diplomats, correspondents, freelance journalists, students and academics.
http://www.diplomaticourier.com/

Diplomat is a foreign affairs magazine that provokes discussion from the heart of the Diplomatic community in London. The magazine provides a unique insight into the minds of the most prominent world leaders and governments. Diplomat offers a mix of analysis, political commentary on world affairs and interviews with Ambassadors.
http://www.diplomatmagazine.com/

The Global Journal is a multifaceted media platform with well researched and in-depth stories on global governance issues, as well as intellectual duels with prominent thinkers discussing the state of contemporary society. In a special January/February 2012 issue, The Global Journal released its inaugural Top 100 NGOs list  – the first comprehensive ranking of organizations operating within the non-profit world. The only project of its kind, this exclusive feature reflects the increasing global influence of NGOs in all facets of modern life. The list is updated every year. Have a look if you are interested in non-governmental aspects of international relations. https://www.ngoadvisor.net/top100ngos/

 

Assignments

1. Repudiating papal or imperial supremacy and asserting religious and political independence. Check the links on the history of the state system, and look for various historical texts and statements that reveal that change. Here are three examples that could be researched with that aim in mind: English King Henry VIII's rejection of papal supremacy in the 1530s; Martin Luther's early sixteenth century defence of state sovereignty by his assertion that Christians must obey their local rulers; English Queen Elizabeth I's defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588; the wars of secession fought by the Dutch against Spain.

2. Recognizing the supremacy of state sovereignty and of the corresponding sovereign state system. Check the links on the history of the state system, and look for various historical texts related to the Peace of Westphalia.

3. Asserting the economic and political imperialism of European powers in the Americas, Asia, the Middle-East and Africa. Check the links on the economic penetration and control of these parts of the world by modern European states, beginning in the sixteenth century.