Chapter 8 Matching Activity

A massacre of captured U.S. troops, half of whom were Black, ordered by General Nathan Bedford Forrest when Fort Pillow fell to Confederate troops in the spring of 1864.

A university located in Nashville, Tennessee, founded in 1866 to offer higher education to African American students.

Native American name for the Black soldiers of the U.S. 9th and 10th Cavalry units. They served in the western territories and attempted to keep the peace between Native Americans and white settlers.

An 1870 constitutional amendment forbidding discrimination in voting on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

The practice of a tenant farming the landlord’s ground for a share of the crop, sold when the harvest came in. This was the only available form of employment to many formerly enslaved people in the post–Civil War South and became a way of maintaining wealthy white power, ensuring Black indebtedness and dependence on white landowners.

An early social welfare project established on the coast of South Carolina after U.S. troops occupied the sea islands of South Carolina and Georgia early in the war. Medical professionals, teachers, and missionaries came from the North to help freed people in their transition to freedom.

Organizations established by former abolitionists to aid formerly enslaved people, one of which provide food and medical supplies to the Exodusters in Kansas.

The Bureau of Refugees, Freedman, and Abandoned Lands, a government agency formed in 1865 and administered by the army in the area of the former Confederacy. It afforded aid and protection to freed people and assistance to poor white southerners.

The separation of Black and white people into separate racial groups in daily life.

African Americans who fled the South in search of better opportunities and treatment in the West after the Civil War.

The period following the Civil War when radical Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policy, enacting legislation to protect the rights of Black citizens, especially the people recently freed from slavery.

An 1865 constitutional amendment that outlawed slavery in the United States except as a punishment for a crime.