Chapter 8 Matching Activity

The Bureau of Refugees, Freedman, and Abandoned Lands, a government agency formed in 1865 and administered by the army in the area of the former Confederacy. It afforded aid and protection to freed people and assistance to poor white southerners.

An 1870 constitutional amendment forbidding discrimination in voting on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

A university located in Nashville, Tennessee, founded in 1866 to offer higher education to African American students.

Statutes discriminating against nonwhite Americans, particularly in the South. The term specifically refers to regulations enforcing racial segregation.

The separation of Black and white people into separate racial groups in daily life.

One of many white terrorist organizations associated with the bitterest and most violent opponents of Reconstruction and Black freedom. Formed in Pulaski, Tennessee, in late 1865, Klan members devoted themselves to denying African Americans any legitimate role in the public sphere, stressing the superiority of white, Protestant, Anglo-Saxon citizens.

U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the legality of Jim Crow laws, declaring that segregation based on race was constitutional as long as “separate” facilities were “equal.” It soon became clear, however, that facilities for Black Americans, such as schools, railroad cars, and waiting rooms, were rarely, if ever, equal to those provided for white people.

An 1868 constitutional amendment removing racial restrictions on citizenship and mandating equal justice before the law.

An 1865 constitutional amendment that outlawed slavery in the United States except as a punishment for a crime.

A massacre of captured U.S. troops, half of whom were Black, ordered by General Nathan Bedford Forrest when Fort Pillow fell to Confederate troops in the spring of 1864.

Abraham Lincoln’s declaration of freedom for enslaved people living in Confederate-controlled areas on January 1, 1863.

African Americans who fled the South in search of better opportunities and treatment in the West after the Civil War.