Diagnostic test

. Chapter 1. How would you describe the structure of the European Union, as set up by the Treaty on European Union 1992?

A structure incorporating national parliaments

A two-pillar structure

A three-pillar structure

A structure incorporating the European Court of Human Rights

. Chapter 1. What term is often applied to the complex and fragmented constitutional structure established by the Treaty on European Union 1992?

A Europe of variable geometry

The acquis communautaire

Supranationalism

Intergovernmentalism

. Chapter 2. What is meant by 'vertically directly effective'?

Describes a provision of EU law that can be invoked in the national court against the state or a public body.

Describes a provision of EU law that can be invoked in the national court against an individual.

Describes a provision of EU law that can be invoked by individuals in the ECJ.

Describes a provision of EU law that can be invoked in the national courts of third countries.

. Chapter 2. Which principle requires that national law be interpreted in accordance with relevant EU law?

State liability.

Proportionality.

Legitimate expectation.

Indirect effect.

. Chapter 3. What is the core rationale for the preliminary rulings procedure?

The application of the principle of supremacy of EU law.

To provide a right of appeal for individual claimants.

To ensure that Member States comply with their EU obligations.

To ensure the uniform and consistent interpretation of EU law.

. Chapter 3. What term is applied to a provision of EU law whose interpretation is clear?

Ad hoc.

De rigueur.

De minimis.

Acte clair.

. Chapter 4. What is the effect of a successful Article 263 action?

Annulment of the EU act.

Delayed implementation of the EU act.

Immediate entry into force of the EU act.

Award of damages against the EU institution concerned.

. Chapter 4. What is meant by 'locus standi'?

The grounds of challenge.

The act under challenge.

The 'standing' or right to bring proceedings.

The jurisdiction of the General Court in relation to Article 263 actions.

. Chapter 5. When is a national internal taxation system indirectly discriminatory?

When it taxes imported goods at a higher rate than similar domestically-produced goods on the basis of their origin.

When it allows deferment of payment of tax for domestically-produced goods but not for imported goods.

When it taxes imported goods but not domestically-produced goods.

When it taxes imported and domestically-produced goods equally but its effect is to disadvantage imports.

. Chapter 5. In which case did the Court of Justice define 'measures having equivalent effect'?

Dassonvillle.

Humblot.

Diamonds.

Van Gend en Loos.

. Chapter 6. How has Directive 2004/38 extended the scope of 'family member'?

By including all descendants, irrespective of their age.

By including persons who wish to reside with the Union citizen in the host state.

By including 'registered partners'.

By including persons who are defined as 'family members' by the legislation of the host state.

. Chapter 6. On what grounds may Member States restrict rights of free movement?

Economic grounds.

Environmental grounds.

Public policy, public security or public health.

Educational grounds.

. Chapter 7. Who are beneficiaries of the freedom of establishment?

Natural persons only.

Legal persons only.

Natural and legal persons.

Neither natural nor legal persons.

. Chapter 7. Does Article 56 TFEU include the right to receive services?

Only in the area of education.

No.

Yes.

Only in the areas of education and finance.

. Chapter 8. What is a vertical agreement?

An agreement between undertakings operating at different levels of the production/distribution chain.

An agreement between two independent undertakings.

An agreement between a parent company and its subsidiary.

An agreement between undertakings operating at the same level of the production/distribution chain.

. Chapter 8. What question must be addressed to determine whether there is cross-elasticity of demand?

Would a producer of a similar product be willing and able to switch production to this product?

Would the product be more attractive to consumers if it had several uses?

Would a significant proportion of the population buy this product if it were advertised more widely?

Would the consumer be willing and able to substitute this product for another?