Chapter 3 Self-test questions

In human foetal development, which of the following is true of the process which results in the foetus developing testes?

It is the default state with no specific mechanism.

It is triggered by maternal androgens.

It is triggered by a gene on the foetal Y chromosome.

It is triggered by a gene on the foetal X chromosome.

Which of the following karyotypes is normally associated with infertility in adulthood?

45XO

46XX

46XY

47XYY

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used to determine gender in animals?

The ZZ/ZW chromosomal system in birds.

The temperature of a human foetus in the uterus.

The temperature of an egg is incubated in reptiles.

The death of a dominant female in clownfish.

Which of the following hormones is responsible for the metamorphosis of tadpoles into frogs?

Thyroxine

Growth hormone

Insulin

Cortisol

It is compulsory in all developed countries for manufacturers of table salt to add iodine because…

Governments are trying to poison their citizens.

It helps reduce salt consumption.

It is the most effective way of promoting foetal growth.

It prevents the commonest preventable cause of foetal brain damage.

Metamorphosis of an insect to its adult form is triggered by switching off production of…

Neuropeptides.

Juvenile hormone.

Ecdysteroids.

Thyroxine.

The effects of which type of hormones are mainly affected by 'gender bender' chemicals in the environment?

Thyroid hormones.

Adrenal hormones.

Oestrogens.

Androgens.

It was possible to link endosulfan to human reproductive defects in the cashew growing region of Kerala because…

Endosulfan was used in higher concentrations there than anywhere else in the world.

Cashew nuts contain oestrogen-like chemicals.

Endosulfan is concentrated in cashew nuts.

Endosulfan was the only pesticide used in the cashew plantations.

The particular advantage of testing endocrine disrupting chemicals in the laboratory using cell lines in vitro is…

It tells us how these chemicals affect people if human cells lines are used.

It tells us how these chemicals affect wildlife if animal cell lines are used.

It tells us which cellular mechanisms may be affected by the chemical.

It provides proof that these chemicals are toxic.

The gender bender chemical bisphenol A (BPA) is used in many industrial processes. Which one of the following processes does NOT involve BPA?

Manufacture of children's toys.

Manufacture of synthetic oestrogens.

Manufacture of plastics.

Manufacture of furniture.

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