* not completed

. Which enzyme is required to convert fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-diphosphate?

Hexokinase correct incorrect

Phosphofructokinase correct incorrect

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase correct incorrect

Pyruvate kinase correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which enzyme is required to use an ATP molecule during glycolysis?

Phosphoglycerate kinase correct incorrect

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase correct incorrect

Pyruvate kinase correct incorrect

Phosphofructokinase correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which part of the cell would have a high level of activity when the lactic acid to pyruvic acid ratio increases?

Cytosol correct incorrect

Intermembrane space correct incorrect

Mitochondrial matrix correct incorrect

Inner membrane of the mitochondria correct incorrect

* not completed

. How many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule during the Krebs Cycle?

One correct incorrect

Two correct incorrect

Three correct incorrect

Four correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which statement most accurately summarizes the chemiosmotic hypothesis?

Electrons are transferred along the electron transport chain and delivered to oxygen. correct incorrect

Hydrogen ions are pumped into the matrix to create an electrochemical gradient. correct incorrect

Protons move from low concentration to high concentration, creating unequal distribution across the inner mitochondrial membrane. correct incorrect

A phosphate group moves from ATP to another substrate. correct incorrect

* not completed

. What would happen to energy production if NADH and FADH₂ were not available?

Glycolysis would continue. correct incorrect

Oxygen would become unavailable. correct incorrect

The Krebs cycle would stop. correct incorrect

The electron transport chain would stop. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Protons are transferred back to the mitochondrial matrix via

succinate dehydrogenase. correct incorrect

cytochrome b-c₁. correct incorrect

cytochrome oxidase. correct incorrect

ATP synthase. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which protein does not participate in proton movement?

Cytochrome b-c₁ correct incorrect

Cytochrome oxidase correct incorrect

ATP synthase correct incorrect

Succinate dehydrogenase correct incorrect

* not completed

. The pH in the intermembrane space is

acidic because of proton diffusion. correct incorrect

acidic because of proton pumping. correct incorrect

basic because of proton diffusion. correct incorrect

basic because of proton pumping. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Redox balance is the

removal of electrons from a compound as quickly as they are added. correct incorrect

removal of electrons from a compound without any addition of them. correct incorrect

loss of electrons. correct incorrect

gain of electrons. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which statement about reactive oxygen species (ROS) is false?

They are an ordinary mechanism of aerobic metabolism. correct incorrect

They are generated in the mitochondria. correct incorrect

The enzyme catalase converts oxygen free radicals to hydrogen peroxide. correct incorrect

The damage they cause is called oxidative stress. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Suppose that the ratio of FADH to FADH₂ is 1. The molecule is said to be in

oxidative state. correct incorrect

reductive state. correct incorrect

redox balance. correct incorrect

oxygen deficiency. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The enzyme needed to convert pyruvic acid to lactic acid is called

hexokinase. correct incorrect

phosphofructokinase. correct incorrect

catalase. correct incorrect

lactate dehydrogenase. correct incorrect

* not completed

. During anaerobic glycolysis, only about ______ of free energy from glucose is released.

5% correct incorrect

7% correct incorrect

10% correct incorrect

15% correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which molecule is generated during pyruvate oxidation?

CO₂ correct incorrect

H₂O correct incorrect

ATP correct incorrect

Lactic acid correct incorrect

* not completed

. In vertebrate muscle, how is the supply of NAD regenerated in the absence of oxygen?

Using the Krebs cycle correct incorrect

By forming pyruvate correct incorrect

By breathing faster correct incorrect

By forming lactic acid correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which molecule, found in skeletal muscles of vertebrates, stores oxygen?

Myoglobin correct incorrect

Hemoglobin correct incorrect

ATP correct incorrect

Ubiquinone correct incorrect

* not completed

. In the term "slow oxidative," used to describe muscle fibers, "slow" refers to

the length of time it takes for the muscle to contract. correct incorrect

the type of energy to be used. correct incorrect

their low resistance to fatigue. correct incorrect

the type of physical activity to be performed. correct incorrect

* not completed

. During long term muscle activity, peak fuel usage occurs in which order?

Muscle glucose; muscle glycogen; phosphagens; glycogen brought in by the circulation correct incorrect

Phosphagens; muscle glucose; glycogen brought in by the circulation; muscle glycogen correct incorrect

Phosphagens; muscle glucose; muscle glycogen; glucose brought in by the circulation correct incorrect

Muscle glucose; phosphagens; muscle glycogen; glycogen brought in by the circulation correct incorrect

* not completed

. In hypoxia,

ATP is being used. correct incorrect

ATP is being depleted. correct incorrect

there is a lack of oxygen. correct incorrect

there is a lack of lactate dehydrogenase. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The maintenance of a steady rate of oxygen consumption, regardless of the level of oxygen in the environment, is called oxygen

regulation. correct incorrect

deficit. correct incorrect

conformity. correct incorrect

steady state. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The metabolic by-product of anaerobic glycolysis that fish excrete across their gills is

lactic acid. correct incorrect

ethanol. correct incorrect

pyruvic acid. correct incorrect

succinic acid. correct incorrect