Chapter 7 Outline
Why Animals Need Energy: The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Fundamentals of Animal Energetics
- The forms of energy vary in their capacity for physiological work
- Transformations of high-grade energy are always inefficient
- Animals use energy to perform three major functions
- BOX 7.1 Views on Animal Heat Production
Metabolic Rate: Meaning and Measurement
- BOX 7.2 Units of Measure for Energy and Metabolic Rates
- Direct calorimetry: The metabolic rate of an animal can be measured directly
- Indirect calorimetry: Animal metabolic rates are usually measured indirectly
- BOX 7.3 Direct Measurement versus Indirect Measurement
- BOX 7.4 Respirometry
Factors That Affect Metabolic Rates
- Ingestion of food causes metabolic rate to rise
Basal Metabolic Rate and Standard Metabolic Rate
Metabolic Scaling: The Relation between Metabolic Rate and Body Size
- Resting metabolic rate is an allometric function of body weight in related species
- The metabolic rate of active animals is often also an allometric function of body weight
- The metabolism–size relation has important physiological and ecological implications
- BOX 7.5 Scaling of Heart Function
- The explanation for allometric metabolism–size relations remains unknown