Chapter 3 Quiz

. Icefish were once commonly called "bloodless fish" because of

their ability to tolerate freezing.

the fact that their blood is clear.

their ability to tolerate the coldest aquatic temperatures on Earth.

the fact that they have no blood.

. One unique feature of the icefish is that they

regularly inhabit water temperatures of –4.9° C.

are the only vertebrates that do not have red blood cells as adults.

are the only vertebrates that do not have blood as adults.

are the only vertebrates that can tolerate freezing.

. Which statement about icefish is true?

They have only the two β-globin subunits in their hemoglobin.

They have no red blood cells but do have circulating hemoglobin.

They do not have hemoglobin.

They have four subunits of α-globin.

. When researchers analyzed the DNA of icefish, they found that the

β-globin gene was completely gone and the α-globin gene was missing parts.

genetic material coding for Hb was identical to that of all other fish.

genes coding for both α and β subunits were modified such that they could not form functional Hb.

α-globin gene was completely gone and the β-globin gene was dysfunctional.

. The hearts of icefish

do not have myoglobin.

have myoglobin, but the globin has a slightly different protein conformation compared to that of other fish.

have myoglobin just as other fish do.

can have myoglobin or not, depending on the species.

. Which statement regarding icefish evolution is true?

Only icefish share an ancestor containing genes that code for antifreeze proteins.

Only icefish share an ancestor that lost the function of globin genes.

The loss of functional globin genes occurred multiple times during the evolution of icefish.

The evolution of antifreeze proteins occurred multiple times during the evolution of icefish.

. Compared to red-blooded fish of the same size, icefish have

larger hearts.

a higher rate of blood circulation.

a higher metabolic rate and larger hearts.

larger hearts and a higher circulation rate.

. Genome sequencing is a technique in which

the DNA sequence of the entire genome of a species is determined.

the DNA sequence of some portion of the genome of a species is determined.

the DNA sequence of the entire genome of a group of species is determined.

a gene family of a species is sequenced.

. The process of adding human interpretation to computer-generated genetic comparisons is called

annotation.

high-throughput.

bioinformatics.

gene family identity.

. The overarching goal of genomics is to elucidate the _______ of genes and genomes.

evolution

current function

current function and expression patterns

evolution and current function

. The set of genes that encode for vertebrate globin proteins can be termed a

genotype.

gene family.

genome.

proteome.

. Which observation resulted from the sea urchin gene family analysis?

Genes that code for gap-junction proteins are present.

Genes that code for the enzymatic synthesis of adrenaline are present.

Genes that code for cytochrome P450 detoxification enzymes are extraordinarily rare.

Genes that code for skeleton mineralization are very similar to those found in vertebrates.

. Which sequence of analysis represents the top-down order of study?

Animal function → tissue-specific proteins → tissue function → genes

Genes → tissue function → tissue-specific proteins → animal function

Animal function → tissue function → tissue-specific proteins → genes

Genes → tissue-specific proteins → tissue function → animal function

. A comparison of the proteins produced in an animal's muscle tissue before and after exercise is an example of

transcription cDNA profiling.

a top-down study.

a screening study.

a postgenomic study.

. The study of which genes are being transcribed to make messenger RNA and the rates at which they are transcribed is called

transcriptomics.

genomics.

proteomics.

mRNA profiling.

. In one study, researchers found that after 4–8 hours after exercise the mRNAs of _______ genes were found to have increased.

stress-response

insulin

mitochondrial enzyme

myosin ATPase

. Which technique is not used in a standard DNA microarray?

mRNA extraction

Hybridization of each mRNA with the DNA spot representing its specific gene

Fluor-labeled mRNA

Labeling of DNA by reverse transcription

. An experimental manipulation in which animals come to lack functional copies of a gene is called

RNA interference.

a transcription block.

gene knockout.

DNA denaturation.

. Which statement regarding proteomics is false?

It is the study of proteins synthesized by cells and tissues.

It is a branch of the study of the biochemical phenotype.

A reason for the study of proteomics is that the proteins coded by many genes are unknown.

The study of proteomics is based on the assumption that protein concentrations can be correlated to mRNA synthesis.

. The study of all of the organic compounds in cells and tissues other than macromolecules coded by the genome is called

organomics.

metabolomics.

physiomics.

proteomics.

Chapter 3 Quiz

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