Chapter 29 Quiz

. What is the largest molecule that can pass through a nephron?

A molecule that has a molecular weight of 9.5 kilodaltons

A molecule that has a molecular weight of 12.5 kilodaltons

A molecule that has a molecular weight of 13.5 kilodaltons

A molecule that has a molecular weight of 14.5 kilodaltons

. The colloid osmotic pressure is best defined as the

pressure generated by the contraction of skeletal muscles pushing on the blood vessels.

osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the blood vessels.

pressure generated by the contraction of smooth muscles around the blood vessels.

pressure difference between the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma and the osmotic pressure of the capsular fluid.

. If the blood pressure in the glomerular capillary is +7 kPa, the colloid osmotic pressure is –3 kPa, and the capsular fluid hydrostatic pressure is –2 kPa, then the filtration pressure is _______ kPa.

1

2

3

8

. If the filtration pressure is +8 kPa, the colloid osmotic pressure is –2 kPa, and the capsular fluid hydrostatic pressure is –1 kPa, then the pressure in the glomerular capillaries is _______ kPa.

2

3

5

11

. Which of the following will not have an effect on the glomerular blood pressure?

Nervous system innervation of the smooth muscles that surround blood vessels

Endocrine system hormones acting on skeletal muscles

An increase in heart rate

A change in the diameter of the efferent blood vessel

. In amphibians, sodium reabsorption begins in

the loop of Henle.

the proximal convoluted tubule.

Bowman's capsule.

the distal convoluted to tubule.

. In amphibians, chloride reabsorption begins in

the proximal convoluted tubule.

Bowman's capsule.

the loop of Henle.

the distal convoluted to tubule.

. Which substance(s) can be present in the proximal convoluted tubule in amphibians' nephrons?

Sodium

Amino acids

Sodium and chloride

Sodium, chloride, and amino acids

. Which hormone controls water regulation in the kidney?

Cortisol

ADH

Oxytocin

Epinephrine

. In amphibians, when ADH is released, the number of aquaporins in the bladder

increases.

decreases.

and the distal convoluted tubule increases.

and the distal convoluted tubule decreases.

. Which sequence demonstrates the correct order of the structures of a mammalian nephron from blood to ureter?

Proximal convoluted tubule; Bowman's capsule; loop of Henle; distal convoluted tubule

Bowman's capsule; loop of Henle; distal convoluted tubule; proximal convoluted tubule

Bowman's capsule; proximal convoluted tubule; loop of Henle; distal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule; loop of Henle; Proximal convoluted tubule; Bowman's capsule

. The macula densa in mammalian nephrons secrete

renin.

aldosterone.

ADH.

sodium.

. The active transport of NaCl in the ascending limb of loop of Henle leads to

hyperosmotic fluid in the lumen.

hyperosmotic fluid in the interstitial region.

isosmotic fluid in the lumen.

hyposmotic fluid in the interstitial region.

. Urea is reabsorbed in the collecting duct by

simple diffusion.

facilitated diffusion.

primary active transport.

secondary active transport.

. The vasa recta are

cells in the collecting ducts.

substances released from the afferent arteriole.

blood capillaries around loop of Henle in mammals.

blood capillaries around the proximal convoluted tubules in mammals.

. Some medications to treat hypertension act on the

sodium–potassium pumps.

sodium channels.

Na–K–2Cl cotransporter.

Na–Cl cotransporters.

. In the mammalian proximal convoluted tubule, sodium reabsorption is coupled with

sodium.

glucose.

protons.

glucose and protons.

. Which number corresponds to the lowest osmolarity?

I

II

III

IV

. Which number signifies the area that will not reabsorb water?

I

II

III

IV

. Which area shows the highest variation in osmolarily?

I

II

III

V

. Which structure is usually not found in marine teleosts?

Distal convoluted tubule

Glomerular capsule

Proximal convoluted tubule

Loop of Henle

. Which statement about marine teleosts is true?

Some species lack glomeruli.

They are hyperosmotic to seawater.

They have more nephrons compared to freshwater teleosts.

They live in a hyposmotic environment.

. Insects have excretory tubules known as

Malpighian tubules.

nephridia.

loopless nephrons.

coelomosac.

Chapter 29 Quiz

Quiz Content