Outline

The Properties of Gases in Gas Mixtures and Aqueous Solutions

• Gases in the gas phase
• Gases in aqueous solution

Diffusion of Gases

• Gases diffuse far more readily through gas phases than through aqueous solutions
• Gas molecules that combine chemically with other molecules cease to contribute to the gas partial pressure
• BOX 22.1 Diffusion through Tissues Can Meet O₂ Requirements over Distances of Only 1 Millimeter or Less

Convective Transport of Gases: Bulk Flow

• BOX 22.2 Induction of Internal Flow by Ambient Currents
• Gas transport in animals often occurs by alternating convection and diffusion

The Oxygen Cascade

Expressing the Amounts and Partial Pressures of Gases in Other Units

The Contrasting Physical Properties of Air and Water

Respiratory Environments