Chapter 19 Control of Movement: The Motor Bases of Animal Behavior

Outline

Neural Control of Skeletal Muscle Is the Basis of Animal Behavior

• Invertebrate neural circuits involve fewer neurons than vertebrate circuits
• Vertebrate spinal reflexes compensate for circumstances, as well as initiate movements
• BOX 19.1 Muscle Spindles
• Motor neurons are activated primarily by CNS input rather than by spinal reflexes

Neural Generation of Rhythmic Behavior

• Locust flight results from an interplay of CNS and peripheral control
• There are different mechanisms of central pattern generation
• BOX 19.2 Circuits and Elaborations of Central Pattern Generators: The Stomatogastric Ganglion

Control and Coordination of Vertebrate Movement

• Locomotion in cats involves spinal central pattern generators
• Central pattern generators are distributed and interacting
• The generation of movement involves several areas in the vertebrate brain
• BOX 19.3 Basal Ganglia and Neurodegenerative Diseases