* not completed

. Of a squid, an earthworm, a human, a cockroach, and a bacterium, how many have a brain?

2 correct incorrect

3 correct incorrect

4 correct incorrect

5 correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which term refers to the concentration of nervous structures and functions in the head region?

Centriolization correct incorrect

Centralization correct incorrect

Radialization correct incorrect

Cephalization correct incorrect

* not completed

. A _______ is a swelling that contains discrete aggregations of nerve cell bodies and processes.

ganglion correct incorrect

connective correct incorrect

commissure correct incorrect

neuropil correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is characteristic of an arthropod central nervous system?

A cross section of a ganglion consisting of gray matter and white matter correct incorrect

Neuronal bodies located throughout the entire animal correct incorrect

A CNS consisting of a single continuous column correct incorrect

A CNS consisting of a chain of segmental ganglia correct incorrect

* not completed

. Most tissues in the body are under _______ control.

neural correct incorrect

endocrine correct incorrect

both neural and endocrine correct incorrect

neurohormonal correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which statement regarding the vertebrate nervous system is true?

White matter is composed almost entirely of unmyelinated tracts of neurons. correct incorrect

The cerebral cortex is part of the midbrain, or mesencephalon. correct incorrect

Spinal nerves run from the brain to the spinal cord. correct incorrect

Gray matter is composed of intermingled neuronal cell bodies, processes, and synaptic contacts. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which brain subdivision is responsible for higher sensory, motor, and integrative functions?

Diencephalon correct incorrect

Mesencephalon correct incorrect

Metencephalon correct incorrect

Telencephalon correct incorrect

* not completed

. A _______ is a term used when parts of the body are mapped onto the cerebral cortex in a way that preserves their anatomical position on the body.

localization of function map correct incorrect

somatotopic map correct incorrect

somatosensory cortex correct incorrect

brain map correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is not directly related to neuronal plasticity?

Short-term memory correct incorrect

Localized increases in brain metabolic activity correct incorrect

Neural connections changing in strength correct incorrect

New neurons developing correct incorrect

* not completed

. Acid-secreting cells of the stomach are controlled by

the autonomic system. correct incorrect

the enteric division. correct incorrect

hormones only. correct incorrect

paracrine signaling only. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The _______ division has a long preganglionic neuron synapsed with a short postganglionic neuron.

sympathetic correct incorrect

enteric correct incorrect

parasympathetic correct incorrect

autonomic correct incorrect

* not completed

. What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Parasympathetic, sympathetic correct incorrect

Sympathetic, parasympathetic, somatic correct incorrect

Sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric correct incorrect

Somatic, enteric correct incorrect

* not completed

. Application of acetylcholine along the paravertebral ganglia will

cause the heart to speed up. correct incorrect

cause the heart to slow down. correct incorrect

have no effect on the heart. correct incorrect

cause the heart to stop. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which action is considered a parasympathetic effect?

Simulation of the secretion of epinephrine correct incorrect

Inhibition of digestion correct incorrect

Increased blood pressure correct incorrect

Constriction of lung airways correct incorrect

* not completed

. Application of acetylcholine directly to the heart will

cause the heart to speed up. correct incorrect

cause the heart to slow down. correct incorrect

have no effect on the heart. correct incorrect

cause the heart to stop. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which definition of circadian rhythm is the most accurate?

An endogenous rhythm that has a period of about one day correct incorrect

An entrained rhythm that has a period of about one day correct incorrect

An endogenous rhythm that has a period of precisely 24 hours correct incorrect

An entrained rhythm that has a period of precisely 24 hours correct incorrect

* not completed

. A biological rhythm brought into phase with an environmental rhythm is said to be

endogenous. correct incorrect

a free-running circadian rhythm. correct incorrect

entrained. correct incorrect

a zeitgeber. correct incorrect

* not completed

. In the absence of environmental cues, the biological rhythm that persists is called a(n)

phasing factor. correct incorrect

zeitgeber. correct incorrect

entrained rhythm. correct incorrect

free-running rhythm. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The intrinsic timekeeping mechanism in a cell typically depends on

environmental information transduced into chemical information the cell can interpret. correct incorrect

the rhythmic alternation between enhanced and inhibited expression of clock genes. correct incorrect

the rhythmic alternation between expression of clock genes and transcription factors. correct incorrect

the alternation of various sets of inhibiting elements. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is not considered to be related to biological clocks?

Melatonin correct incorrect

Peristalsis correct incorrect

Superchiasmatic nucleus correct incorrect

Pineal gland correct incorrect