* not completed

. In the distal limb of a reindeer, the lipid composition

is mostly stearic acid. correct incorrect

is mostly palmitic acid. correct incorrect

has a very small amount of oleic acid. correct incorrect

has a high proportion of oleic acid. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which statement about reindeer is false?

There is more unsaturated fat in the distal limb than in the proximal limb. correct incorrect

The microbe composition in their rumen changes in winter. correct incorrect

In winter, their ability to digest cellulose decreases. correct incorrect

Palmitic acid and stearic acid are less abundant in the distal limb. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Stearic acid is _______ and contains _______ double bond (s)

saturated; 0 correct incorrect

monounsaturated; 1 correct incorrect

polyunsaturated; 1 correct incorrect

polyunsaturated; 2 correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which fatty acid would you expect to find in the proximal limb of a reindeer?

Only stearic acid correct incorrect

Only oleic acid correct incorrect

Triglycerides correct incorrect

Some saturated fatty acids and some unsaturated fatty acids. correct incorrect

* not completed

. A newborn reindeer with a resting metabolic rate of 10 watts/kg may have a rate of metabolic heat production of _______watts/kg.

20 correct incorrect

10 correct incorrect

5 correct incorrect

1 correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which statement regarding microbes in the rumen of reindeer is true?

The microbes increase their activity to digest cellulose in summer as compared to winter. correct incorrect

In winter, microbes that digest xylan decrease in activity relative to their activity in summer. correct incorrect

In summer, microbes that digest proteins increase in activity relative to their activity in winter. correct incorrect

In summer, microbes that digest starch decrease slightly in activity relative to their activity in winter. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The gene for UCP1 is no longer expressed in newborn reindeer by _______ of age.

1 week correct incorrect

1 month correct incorrect

2 months correct incorrect

1 year correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which organelle is found in large quantities in brown fat cells?

Nucleus correct incorrect

Lysosome correct incorrect

Mitochondria correct incorrect

Golgi apparatus correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which ability is most advantageous for a large mammal, such as a reindeer, in a cold environment?

The ability to escape the cold by living under the snow correct incorrect

Possessing physiological modifications to thermoregulate correct incorrect

Finding refuge correct incorrect

Producing very thick pelage correct incorrect

* not completed

. Mammals that weigh _______ are generally not hibernators.

6 g correct incorrect

1 kg correct incorrect

4 kg correct incorrect

50 kg correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which animal would have the least energy savings per gram if it were to hibernate?

Elephant correct incorrect

Bear correct incorrect

Mouse correct incorrect

Squirrel correct incorrect

* not completed

. Hibernators store fat in

hepatocytes. correct incorrect

enterocytes. correct incorrect

adipocytes. correct incorrect

reticulocytes. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which statement about hibernating animals storing nutrients to prepare for hibernation is true?

Some animals start storing nutrients based on photoperiodic cues. correct incorrect

Some animals start storing nutrients based on pheromonal signals. correct incorrect

Some animals start storing nutrients just before the first frost. correct incorrect

Some animals start storing nutrients based on behavioral signals. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The most common macromolecule stored in the adipocytes of animals prior to hibernation is

carbohydrate. correct incorrect

fat. correct incorrect

protein. correct incorrect

nucleic acid. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which diet supports longer bouts of hibernation?

High starch diet correct incorrect

Protein-rich grain diet correct incorrect

Nucleic acid-rich diet correct incorrect

Polyunsaturated fat-rich diet correct incorrect

* not completed

. An animal with a saturated fatty acid to polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio of _______ will have the best hibernation performance.

3:1 correct incorrect

2:1 correct incorrect

1.5:1 correct incorrect

1:1 correct incorrect

* not completed

. Animals are fed different diets and their oxygen consumption at an ambient temperature of 2°C is measured. The animals that will have the lowest oxygen consumption are the animals that have been fed a _______ diet.

carbohydrate-rich correct incorrect

polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich correct incorrect

saturated fat-rich correct incorrect

protein-rich correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which is a plausible rationale for periodic arousal of animals during hibernation?

To restore synapses in the brain correct incorrect

To void correct incorrect

To exercise muscles correct incorrect

To increase blood circulation correct incorrect

* not completed

. If one alpine marmot consumes a diet poor in omega-6 PUFAs and another alpine marmot consumes a diet rich in omega-6 PUFAs, the animal that consumed fewer omega-6 PUFAs would

lose more weight during hibernation. correct incorrect

be a more effective hibernator. correct incorrect

have a lower body temperature. correct incorrect

have a superior lipid matrix for membrane protein function. correct incorrect

* not completed

. In ground squirrels, the size of testes _______ during hibernation.

increases correct incorrect

decreases correct incorrect

stays the same correct incorrect

increases first and then decreases correct incorrect