* not completed

. Which of the following is false? The actus reus of an offence consists of…

Prohibited conduct correct incorrect

Prohibited circumstances correct incorrect

Prohibited consequences correct incorrect

The defendant's state of mind correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is a result crime?

Fraud correct incorrect

Theft correct incorrect

Murder correct incorrect

Robbery correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is a conduct-only crime?

Theft correct incorrect

Murder correct incorrect

Manslaughter correct incorrect

Criminal damage correct incorrect

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. Which of the following crimes cannot be committed by omission?

Robbery correct incorrect

Murder correct incorrect

Manslaughter correct incorrect

Criminal damage correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the principle that no liability usually arises for failing to act?

The difficulty of enforcement of any law that imposes general omission liability. correct incorrect

The difficulty with proving causation for omission crimes. correct incorrect

The conflict with the principle of autonomy. correct incorrect

Because D may be under a duty to act. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following options best expresses why the Court of Appeal upheld the conviction in Evans [2009] 1 WLR 1999?

D created or contributed to a state of affairs in which the victim's life was in danger correct incorrect

D could have taken reasonable steps to save the victim's life. correct incorrect

D was under a legal duty to take reasonable steps to save the victim's life. correct incorrect

All of the above. correct incorrect

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. Causation must be proven for which crimes?

Result crimes correct incorrect

Conduct-only crimes correct incorrect

Mens rea crimes correct incorrect

Circumstance-only crimes correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is correct?

D is liable only if the prosecution can prove D's acts were the SOLE cause of the result. correct incorrect

D may be liable if the prosecution can prove D's acts were a cause of the result. correct incorrect

Causation is a simple question of cause and effect. correct incorrect

D is liable even if the chain of causation is broken. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The essence of the House of Lords' decision in Kennedy [2008] is:

Where the victim's act is unreasonable, unforeseeable or daft, it breaks the chain of causation. correct incorrect

A victim's refusal of medical treatment on medical grounds is always unreasonable. correct incorrect

Where the victim is a fully informed and responsible adult, and freely and voluntarily self-administers drugs supplied by D, D has not caused the victim's death. correct incorrect

Where the victim is a fully informed and responsible adult, and freely and voluntarily self-administers drugs supplied by D, D has caused the victim's death. correct incorrect