Quiz Content

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. The energy of water can be described…
…per unit mass as φ
…per unit volume as p
…per unit weight as h.
If ρ = density of water and g = acceleration due to gravity, then

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. A dry homogeneous sediment is wetted; there are no macropores and there is no preferential flow. Which one of the following alternatives is correct?

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. Figure ch04q03.jpg
The above figure gives the soil moisture characteristic (soil moisture retention curve; pF curve) for four different soils; the water table is located at an intermediate position at 2.5 m below the land surface. Which soil has the largest amount of soil water available for plants?

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. A soil contains 5% moisture from 0 to -20 cm and 15% moisture from -20 to -40 cm. The soil moisture characteristic curve shows that the soil contains 20% moisture at pF = 2 (from 0 to -40 cm). How much water in cm should minimally be added to the soil to establish field capacity (pF = 2) for both soil layers?

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. Figure ch04q05.jpg
The above left-hand figure shows the soil moisture characteristic (soil moisture retention curve; pF curve) for a sand and clay soil; the above right-hand figure shows the relation between hydraulic conductivity and matric potential for a sand and clay soil.
Which one of the following alternatives is correct?
Curve a in the left-hand figure is for:

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. In a non-saline soil only the gravitational potential and matric potential determine the total potential of the water: water may flow from
option 1: a high, wet to a low, almost dry position;
option 2: a high, almost dry to a low, wet position;
option 3: a low, wet to a high, almost dry position;
option 4: a low, almost dry to a high, wet position.

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Figure ch04q07.jpg
The above figures 1 to 4 show the energy components of subsurface water (cm) with depth (cm); depth is along the vertical axis
ψ = matric potential (cm); Figure ch04q07a.jpg= pressure head (cm); z = elevation head (cm) = gravitational potential (cm).
Which one of the above figures is correct?

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. The Green and Ampt equation can be written as follows:
Figure ch04q08.jpg
This equation is

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. A dry soil surface receives rainfall. After some time ponds and puddles occur at the surface. After this, the infiltration capacity

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.
Figure ch04q10.jpg
The above figure gives the water pressure in cm along the horizontal axis. The soil depth in cm is given along the vertical axis; the soil surface is taken as reference level or zero level.
With regards to the vertical volume flux density, which of the following statements is correct?

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. The matric potential ψ is measured by two tensiometers. The matric potential at 30 cm below the land surface equals -30 cm; the matric potential at 20 cm below the land surface equals -70 cm. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K(ψ) in cm day-1 and the matric suction -ψ in cm are related by the following equation as:
Figure ch04q11.jpg
Assuming a linear relation of the matric suction -ψ with depth, which of the following alternatives is correct?
The vertical volume flux density in cm day-1 between the two depths equals

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.
Figure ch04q12.jpg
A layer with a low hydraulic conductivity is located above a layer with a high hydraulic conductivity as shown in the above Figures a and b. At the start of rainfall both layers contain little water; rainfall is heavy and of long duration.
Which one of the below alternatives is correct?
The upper layer will:

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