Chapter 27 Self-grading Quizzes

Inequality and Social Policy
. In reality, some low-income countries like ________ have low inequality and high poverty rates.

. The following statement is NOT correct: ________.

. Many rich countries spend more than ________ of their GDP on social protection alone.

. In broad definitional terms, social policy consists of—and data exist for—the ________ sector.

. To understand the impact of social policy on inequality (or poverty), it is important to look at ________.

. Social policies develop under the influence of a range of factors including the following except ________.

. In both developing and richer countries, diverse actors such as the following are involved in social policy implementation: ________.

. Social security is traditionally defined, particularly by the International Labour Organization (ILO), as contributory ________ protection.

. Amartya Sen (1999) emphasized the importance of democracy and freedom of expression in preventing ________.

. Social security tends to be restricted to ________ groups.

. Two kinds of targeting are ________.

. The development of social policy is usually ________.

. The ILO estimates that about ________ of the world's population has adequate social security coverage.

. At the time of developing countries' independence, ________ of their populations had such social security benefits.

. ________ has been regarded as one of the success cases in the social security reform arena.

. Aina's definition of social policy focuses ____________.

. For some, social policy is merely about ____________.

. Social policy consists of ___________.

. Developing countries on average spend about ___________ per cent of their gross domestic product (GDP) on health.

. ___________ countries tend to have relatively high spending, and East Asian countries traditionally keep spending low on health.

. Rich countries spend more than ____________ per cent of their GDP on social protection.

. Peter Lindert's in-depth study of the history of the welfare state shows that __________.

. High shares of private spending on health suggest that ____________.

. In OECD countries, transfers and taxes jointly reduce inequality on average by 12 percentage points, while in developing countries the impact is _______________.

. _________________ on social services leads to reduction of inequalities.

. For many, complete equality of outcome is practically impossible.

. The term "social policy" is widely recognized in the field of development studies.

. In practice, most social policy systems combine universalism—or at least aspirations for universalism—with some forms of targeting.

. A key aspect of gender inequality is women's role in the "care economy" and time spent on those activities.

. The term growing public refers to the responsibility of the socialist states in addressing of the basic needs of the nation.

. Economic crises often prompt or create political opportunities for new social policies.

. Urbanization and industrialization have played a key role in the emergence of social policies.

. In international development, non-governmental organizations play an important role in social policy.

. Historically, charitable and often religious-oriented organizations provided excellent relief.

. European states failed to learn from each other's welfare experiences.

. Developing countries often continue to have universal aspirations, but in principle the implementation is fragmented.

. Public child care and maternity leave discourage more mothers from entering the workforce.

. A common concern about government spending on social policies is that they absorb large amounts of governments', and hence taxpayers', money.

. Non-democratic governments cannot create social policies.

. In democracies, social policies essentially could not play a key role in electoral strategies and debates.

. Politics has not been a key factor for social policies development.

. Urbanization and industrialization have played a key role in the emergence of social policies.

. Urbanization can lead to new (infectious) diseases, making health and hygiene services a necessity.

. The New Deal in the US was a policy response to the extended economic crisis of the Vietnam War and the visible deprivation of large groups of people.

. Germany and Latina American countries industrialized later than other countries and started to introduce social policies relatively early in their development.

. In both developing and richer countries, only private actors are involved in social policy implementation.

. Private spending, provision, and insurance are not usually considered "social" policy.

. In systems of universal care, services typically are provided by private insurance institutions.

. A common concern about government spending on social policies is that they do not use enough amounts of governments', and taxpayers' money.

. Spending on social policies can also be seen as an investment.

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