Chapter 21 Self-grading Quizzes

Development and Health
. Social determinants of health can be defined as ________.

. In Canada, a woman's lifetime risk of dying from complications of pregnancy or childbirth is one in ________.

. Industrialization in nineteenth-century England and Wales proved that economic gains _________.

. The ________ refers to the persistence of communicable diseases in parallel with the rapidly growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases and injuries.

. Marmot's studies of British public servants are central to the research literature on ________.

. The first rounds of multilateral trade negotiations after World War II focused on ________.

. The ________ is the UN system agency with primary responsibility for health protection.

. The 10/90 gap highlights a need ________.

. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ________.

. Donors are motivated to allocate resources to improving health outside their borders as a result of increased ________.

. Compared to people in high-income countries, people in low- and middle-income countries are increasingly exposed to ________.

. The Alma-Ata Conference was held in ________.

. ________ is defined as a shift to diets high in sugar and fat.

. Perhaps the strongest indication that health is now firmly established as an element of the foreign policy agenda of the high-income countries is ________.

. The Global Fund was established by ________.

. When countries are believed to undergo a standardized epidemiological transition, _________.

. Communicable diseases such as ______________continue to take a toll in the low-income world.

. HIV infections affect ____________________.

. The double burden of disease refers to ____________.

. The historical record is clear that health improvements ____________.

. Usually health data of national averages ___________.

. Social gradients or socio-economic gradients _____________.

. Stress can depend on ______________.

. Former World Bank economists ____________.

. It is argued that _____________.

. According to the 10/90 gap, less than 10 per cent of health research spending goes to research conditions that account for 90 per cent of the global disease burden.

. Low-income countries can realistically provide a bare minimum standard of care for their people without external resources.

. The historical record is clear that health improvements follow automatically or rapidly from economic growth.

. The socio-economic gradient exists only in developing countries.

. "Policy space" is defined as the freedom, scope, and mechanisms that governments have to choose, design, and implement public policies to fulfill their aims.

. Global health governance reflects the array of international organizations that oversee and shape global health, but without any supranational authority.

. Malaria and tuberculosis are examples of non-communicable diseases.

. A report by a commission established by the WHO stated the importance of eliminating health inequities and injustice in health system.

. Providing a bare minimum of essential health services for all the residents of a low-income country is estimated to cost an average of US$173 per person.

. The World Health Organization has 193 member states.

. Despite recent progress, more than 800 million people lack access to clean drinking water and 2.4 billion lack access to basic sanitation.

. For a long time, population health researchers believed that countries could not undergo any standardized epidemiological transition as they grew richer.

. As opposed to other causes of disability and death, a pronounced socio-economic gradient does not exist in road traffic injuries.

. Extensive literature on the relation between globalization and health has yet to be developed.

. Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was driven in the first instance by transnational, mainly US, corporations.

. The relation between globalization and health has been extensively investigated.

. The relation between trade liberalization and the nutrition transition to diets high in sugar and fat are affecting lmics less rapidly than high-income countries.

. A liberalized trade and investment regime has facilitated foreign investment in supermarkets, food processing, and fast-food chains.

. The fast and ultra-processed food transnationals often target adults in their marketing.

. Socio-economic gradients do not exit in high-income jurisdictions.

. No amount of poverty reduction will produce an effective measles vaccine or treatment for HIV infection.

. Roughly 95 per cent of new HIV infections now occur in LMICs, especially in North America where AIDS kills an estimated 470 million people per year despite increases in access to antiretroviral therapy.

. Malaria could kill an estimated 1.6 million people per year and tuberculosis 435,000.

. In many poor countries, resources for cancer care are almost non-existent despite rapid increases in prevalence.

. Social determinants of health are conditions under which people live and work that affect their opportunities to lead healthy lives.

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