Chapter 20 Self-grading Quizzes

Urban Development
. According to the United Nations, ________.

. Urbanization is the ________.

. ________ account for 37 per cent of the world's population.

. ___________________overall has 70 per cent of its population (238 million in 2018) living in slums (United Nations 2019).

. The following is NOT an element of the definition of a "city": ________.

. Saskia Sassen uses the term ________ for large cities that are international financial centres.

. Slums form as a result of the following: ________.

. Asia contains ________ per cent of the world's urban population.

. Researchers and policy makers propose ________ to address the problems of urbanization in the developing world.

. ___________is an emerging urban challenge due to what researcher Tapan Dhar labels the triple threat: a hazard-prone location; loss of natural systems; and weak planning and infrastructure management.

. Urbanization as a process has developed differently, depending on all of the following EXCEPT for ________.

. The World Urban Social Forum and other networks seeking to create just, ecologically sustainable, inclusive, and democratic cities have begun to draw on the theoretical concept of the ________.

. Whether slum dwellers reside in central areas or the periphery of the city, they are exposed to a variety of risks such as ________.

. The following is NOT listed in the text as a global force that affects the urban form of metropolitan areas: ________.

. ________ is NOT an example of a global city.

. Examples of slums are _____________.

. There were _____________ million people living in slums in 2000.

. In some countries, nearly all housing is ______________.

. The Central African Republic has a striking _______________.

. Slums create one or more ____________surrounding cities.

. In _____________, 70 million people were displaced from their home countries by conflict and violence.

. Most of those displaced ____________.

. Temporary shelter for displaced populations ____________.

. _______________ is common, with self-built extensions to homes frequent.

. Refugees and ______________ have not been able to take part fully in the political, economic, and civic life of nearby cities.

. Urbanization of the Global South has been very different than the urbanization of North America.

. Migration has been a major contributor to the growth in cities over time.

. The urbanization of poverty is most visible in the housing sector.

. Latin America has the highest urban growth rate in the world.

. Anna Tibaijuko argued that the human species has now become "Homo Urbanus."

. One factor that defines a slum household is the lack of secure tenure.

. Urbanization happening in most of the Global South does not entail economic growth.

. According to the Malthusian perspective, the capitalist system is the main cause of the urban crisis.

. The "right to the city" concept is based on the notion that those who live in cities have a right to participate in the definition of the city.

. Urbanization of Europe and North America occurred in a period marked by industrialization and economic growth.

. Shanghai, São Paulo, and Singapore are part of a network of major metropolitan areas that concentrate power and economic and financial flows.

. Countries urbanizing today do so in the context of globalization and, in many cases, in the wake of structural adjustment programs.

. Dhaka in Bangladesh and Lagos in Nigeria, both large cities that are economically and politically marginalized, are far away from the impacts of global systems.

. The urban form of metropolitan areas in the South takes place without the effects of global economy.

. The "right to the city" concept broadens the traditional focus on improvement of peoples' quality of life based on housing and the neighbourhood.

. Slums have been eradicated on all continents

. Slums form for one basic reason: population growth outpaces the production of housing for low- and moderate-income households.

. Slums may form because governments-and other urban actors-do not provide shelter for those households.

. Concentrated ownership of land does not impact formal production of low-income housing.

. Davis is an advocate for the current neoliberal economic orthodoxy that exacerbates the housing programs and privatizing housing markets.

. A slum household has sufficient living areas.

. Although slums are poorly regulated, planned, and serviced, they are places where people establish homes.

. A focus on regularization of ownership and titles to property has now been replaced by approaches that improve conditions in situ.

. Slum dwellers do not lack decent employment in addition to decent housing.

. In developing countries, economic crises also mean reduced hours and wages for those who are employed.

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