Chapter 10 Self-grading Quizzes

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. Empowerment is defined as the process through which the poor are ________.

seeking political control correct incorrect

developing themselves correct incorrect

carrying out altruistic action correct incorrect

rebalancing power relations correct incorrect

mobilized to assist in reforms correct incorrect

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. The World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) were created to replace ________.

the Bretton Woods system correct incorrect

a haphazard collection of poverty reduction development policies and programs correct incorrect

structural adjustment lending correct incorrect

Poverty Reduction Aid Guidelines correct incorrect

IMF Structural Aid Strategies correct incorrect

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. Good governance refers to ________.

efficient government management correct incorrect

government-maintained social order correct incorrect

market-led development correct incorrect

transparent and accountable decision-making correct incorrect

governance that reflects the desires of the population correct incorrect

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. In the medium term, structural adjustment involved all of the below except for ________.

debt cancellation correct incorrect

the rapid liberalization of trade correct incorrect

the deregulation of markets correct incorrect

the introduction of the private sector into social service provision correct incorrect

the privatization of state-owned industries correct incorrect

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. The original goal of the IMF was to ________.

fund World Bank projects correct incorrect

provide states with a monetary safety-net to keep their economies stable correct incorrect

oversee and stimulate the economies of under-developed countries correct incorrect

supply economic financial aid to cash-strapped companies correct incorrect

implement neoliberal structural adjustment reforms correct incorrect

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. The United States currently holds ________ of voting rights within the IMF and World Bank.

3 per cent correct incorrect

7 per cent correct incorrect

17 per cent correct incorrect

25 per cent correct incorrect

48 per cent correct incorrect

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. The IMF's reactions to the undermining of stable exchange rates did NOT include ________.

recasting itself as an international lender of last resort correct incorrect

increasing surveillance of the policies pursued by borrowing governments correct incorrect

rejecting a one-size-fits-all approach and prioritizing empowerment and ownership of development strategies correct incorrect

attaching conditions to loans designed to reduce government and consumer spending to lower imports correct incorrect

The IMF's reactions included all of the above. correct incorrect

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. Recently, the World Bank has begun to focus more on promoting ________, which is defined as the networks and linkages people can use to gain access to access resources.

intellectual property correct incorrect

social capital correct incorrect

fair trade correct incorrect

ethical community correct incorrect

syndicalism correct incorrect

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. ________ was the only major borrower from the IMF by 2007.

Brazil correct incorrect

India correct incorrect

South Africa correct incorrect

Nigeria correct incorrect

Turkey correct incorrect

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. World Bank "subscriptions" ________.

define voting rights correct incorrect

report on policy changes correct incorrect

enable delegates to vote correct incorrect

define voting procedures correct incorrect

report decisions of the Structural Development Committee correct incorrect

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. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have attracted criticism from the opponents. The reason is that ________.

their policies serve to entrench global poverty and exacerbate inequalities correct incorrect

they have failed to eradicate poverty correct incorrect

do not have a good grasp of today's needs correct incorrect

do not meet their goal correct incorrect

all of the above correct incorrect

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. ________ attended the Bretton Woods conference.

Marshall and Dexter White correct incorrect

Keynes, White, and Marshall correct incorrect

White, Truman, and Keynes correct incorrect

McNamara and Keynes correct incorrect

Keynes and Dexter White correct incorrect

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. On assuming office in 1968, Robert McNamara initiated new policies. Among them are ________.

emphasizing the need for the Bank to fund direct anti-poverty efforts through social programs correct incorrect

making loans to countries untouched by the World Bank correct incorrect

targeting a wider range of development objectives correct incorrect

both A and B correct incorrect

all of the above correct incorrect

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. Owing to high levels of debt during the 1980s, the IMF and World Bank wielded considerable influence over many countries in ________.

Latin America correct incorrect

sub-Saharan Africa correct incorrect

North African correct incorrect

South Asia correct incorrect

Oceania correct incorrect

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. "Our dream is a world free of poverty" is the slogan of ________.

IFIs correct incorrect

global civil society correct incorrect

the World Bank correct incorrect

the IMF correct incorrect

Latin Americans correct incorrect

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. US influence has been one of mixed success because ___________.

it failed to remove the World Bank's president chief economist Joseph Stiglitz correct incorrect

it failed to channel assistance to its allies correct incorrect

it failed to significantly change the content of the bank's World Development Report 2000/2001 correct incorrect

it could not avoid Cuban revolution in 1959 correct incorrect

of the complex relation between the US and the IFIs correct incorrect

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. To join the IMF ___________.

countries vote one on one correct incorrect

countries should pledge alliance to the US correct incorrect

countries should be capitalists correct incorrect

countries pay according to the size of their economies correct incorrect

the president of the US has to give their approval correct incorrect

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. After McNamara's tenure at the World Bank, ____________.

the World Bank changed its name correct incorrect

the World Bank lost influence and became more controversial correct incorrect

the World Bank became less global correct incorrect

globalization took off correct incorrect

the World Bank increased its influence and power correct incorrect

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. Robert McNamara's approach was known as ______________.

the housing approach correct incorrect

the Bretton Woods approach correct incorrect

the post-colonial approach correct incorrect

the basic needs approach correct incorrect

IFIs correct incorrect

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. The 1980s crises brought fears of collapse _______________.

because many countries could no longer vote at the World Bank and IMF correct incorrect

because many countries could no longer pay for their loans correct incorrect

because many countries charged high debt interests correct incorrect

because many countries outside Latin America could not pay for their loans correct incorrect

because many countries could pay off all their debt correct incorrect

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. Structural adjustments meant that __________.

it was enough merely to stabilize the economies of the developing world correct incorrect

rich countries would become richer correct incorrect

poor countries would be able to pay for their loans correct incorrect

more money had to be given to Arab nations correct incorrect

foreign investment would flow into export-oriented sectors of economies to create new economic dynamism correct incorrect

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. First stages of structural adjustment programs _____________.

were managed by recipient countries correct incorrect

were hard to implement correct incorrect

were managed by the IMF correct incorrect

were not managed by the IMF correct incorrect

were delayed by the Cold War correct incorrect

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. Structural adjustment involved _______________.

fostering short-term economic growth correct incorrect

regulation of prices by the state correct incorrect

deregulation of markets correct incorrect

to limit international credit systems correct incorrect

were morally questionable at first sight correct incorrect

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. Structural adjustment models ____________.

were followed by every country on Earth correct incorrect

were easy to follow correct incorrect

were strictly followed by East Asian powers correct incorrect

were not followed by countries like Singapore correct incorrect

were critically followed by countries like Singapore correct incorrect

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. The Mexican Peso Crisis was due to ___________.

a US massive bailout package correct incorrect

the fact that it was built on unstable foundations correct incorrect

investments from the US correct incorrect

rapid economic growth correct incorrect

the Zapatista movement correct incorrect

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. The Bretton Woods System was founded on the establishment of fixed exchange rates between national currencies.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Structural adjustment lending has been remodelled under the new motif of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs).

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The original focus of the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development changed with the unveiling of the US Marshall Plan.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The International Development Association is a component of the World Bank that offers developing countries interest-free loans with long repayment periods.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. No single country within the IMF and the World Bank is unilaterally able to veto amendments to the constitutions of either organization.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The governing boards of the World Bank and the IMF operate transparently.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The IMF has been consistently focused on macroeconomic policies.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Social capital refers to networks and linkages which provide an individual or household with access to resources.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The World Bank has been recently criticized for continuing to make loans to middle-income countries, such as China and India.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. During his tenure as President of the World Bank, Robert McNamara's approach became known as the "Keynesian approach."

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Unlike the United Nations General Assembly, in the IMF and World Bank each country has one vote.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The IMF and World Bank are run on a day-to-day basis by an internal management structure.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The IMF and World Bank were widely perceived by post-colonial states and their populations as assuming the role of debt collectors for private banks.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Towards the end of the Cold War, both IFIs wielded their considerable influence in order to propagate a common, US-supported development doctrine on a global scale.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. In 2001, the World Bank published a report containing what it had learned from engaging with civil society over the successes and failures of structural adjustment.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. To explain the poor record of structural adjustment, the bank introduced the concept of resilience.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Bad governance means that countries were not supporting free markets enough.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The aim of good governance is to support market economies avoiding corruption.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Good governance condemns judicial independence.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. China has seen the most rapid expansion of any developing economy in recent decades.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. World Bank and IMF governing boards should demand transparency and accountability from client countries because they are democratic

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. According to the World Bank, states need to facilitate and regulate the conditions for free economic exchange.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. A comprehensive agenda means the combination of economic policies and institutional, human, and physical dimensions of development strategies.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Defendants of the expansion of the World Bank suggest that the Bank has been successful in extending its influence on different policy areas.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The IMF argued that it was necessary for developing countries to attract foreign portfolio investment by opening up their stock markets to foreign investors.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect