* not completed

. To help gain an understanding of the different concepts and measures of poverty, there is a need to ________.

a) examine how thinking about poverty has evolved over time correct incorrect

b) ignore all debates about the causes of poverty correct incorrect

c) not waste time in reading of the main schools of thought that have shaped poverty debates correct incorrect

d) follow structural adjustments correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________ undertook the first comprehensive poverty studies were undertaken in England around the turn of the twentieth century.

a) Karl Marx correct incorrect

b) Charles Booth correct incorrect

c) Thomas Hill Green correct incorrect

d) Fredrick Engels correct incorrect

e) Max Weber correct incorrect

* not completed

. Given the complexities involved in the welfare measurement, a degree of common practice has emerged to determine the amount of monetary resources available. An important element of that practice in ________ countries is to consider how much someone consumes or spends, rather than earns, as income.

a) high-income correct incorrect

b) middle-income correct incorrect

c) low- income correct incorrect

d) both A and C correct incorrect

e) both B and C correct incorrect

* not completed

. The poverty severity index is calculated by ________.

a) giving greater weight to larger poverty gaps by "squaring" individual poverty gaps before dividing them by the poverty line correct incorrect

b) giving weight to the impacts of structural adjustments prescribed by the Washington Consensus correct incorrect

c) averaging the weight of poverty across the total population correct incorrect

d) both A and C correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Human development index includes all of the following except ________.

a) prosperous life and mass consumption correct incorrect

b) long and healthy life correct incorrect

c) being knowledgeable correct incorrect

d) having a decent standard of living correct incorrect

e) none of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Multidimensional Poverty Index ________.

a) includes information on education, health, and standard of living correct incorrect

b) includes two indicators in the education domain correct incorrect

c) includes two indicators in the health domain correct incorrect

d) includes six indicators in the living standards domain correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. The importance of the common practice to determine the amount of monetary resources available is important for the following reasons: ________.

a) income fluctuates much more than consumption does correct incorrect

b) income is usually under-reported as people are either reluctant to share full information about their earnings or may not know the full extent of their income correct incorrect

c) income may not take the form of money, particularly in developing countries correct incorrect

d) both A and B correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Critics of absolute poverty lines have argued that ________.

a) they objectify people as cattle or livestock people are being reared, not part of society correct incorrect

b) this is an absolutely right understanding of poverty correct incorrect

c) poverty needs to be defined in relation to whether people are integrated and able to participate in society correct incorrect

d) both A and C correct incorrect

e) both A and B correct incorrect

* not completed

. Shortcomings of the monetary approach mostly relate to the following except its assumption that ________.

a) monetary policies could help amelioration of poverty correct incorrect

b) everything necessary for a minimum standard of living can be expressed in monetary terms correct incorrect

c) everything can be bought on markets and that such markets function perfectly. correct incorrect

d) a given level of income is also spent on the minimum required set of basic needs correct incorrect

e) income at the household level is distributed to individual members in equal measure correct incorrect

* not completed

. In "Development as Freedom," Amartya Sen sets the ________ apart from the monetary approach.

a) relative poverty approach correct incorrect

b) Foster-Greer-Thorbecke approach correct incorrect

c) human development approach correct incorrect

d) capability approach correct incorrect

e) multi-dimensional approach correct incorrect

* not completed

. Given the focus on individual values and freedom to live up to such values, Amartya Sen has always been opposed to ________.

a) formulating a universal set of capabilities correct incorrect

b) social exclusion correct incorrect

c) measuring income at the household level correct incorrect

d) both A and B correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Venn diagrams shows that groups of children being either monetary or multi-dimensionally poor are largest in ________.

a) Kenya correct incorrect

b) Ethiopia correct incorrect

c) Tanzania correct incorrect

d) Malawi correct incorrect

e) Rwanda correct incorrect

* not completed

. Arguments for the importance of including people's voices in development processes were pioneered by ________.

a) Robert Chambers correct incorrect

b) Robert Cox correct incorrect

c) Robert Nozic correct incorrect

d) Robert Anderson correct incorrect

e) Walt Rostow correct incorrect

* not completed

. Poverty measurement is important ________.

a) for identifying policy areas of particular concern or that should receive priority correct incorrect

b) because their inclusion of different dimensions of poverty allows for drawing direct linkages to policy areas correct incorrect

c) for measuring the positive impacts of the structural adjustments correct incorrect

d) both A and B correct incorrect

e) both B and C correct incorrect

* not completed

. If someone's welfare is lower than the ________, that person is considered poor.

a) absolute poverty line correct incorrect

b) relative poverty line correct incorrect

c) poverty line correct incorrect

d) food line correct incorrect

e) welfare line correct incorrect

* not completed

. The first comprehensive poverty studies were undertaken in England around the turn of the twentieth century.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The division between monetary and multi-dimensional approaches to poverty measurement is informed by normative, conceptual, and empirical underpinnings.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The poverty gap index provides insight into how severe poverty is.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The measurement of multi-dimensional poverty can be said to follow from heated debates around how GDP impacts poverty.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Welfare is usually established at the household level.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The "food poverty" line is very meagre. It represents the amount required to meet caloric requirements assuming that all household income is spent on food.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The construction of multi-dimensional measures is scrutinized to the same (if not greater) degree as monetary measures are.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Practice around multi-dimensional poverty measurement is much more harmonized than monetary measurement.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Capability approach addresses poverty as the deprivation of basic capabilities rather than merely as lowness of incomes.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The poverty line represents a minimum of food and non-food expenditures based on the consumption pattern of the second quartile of the consumption distribution.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. HDI presents an important shift from focusing solely on social indicators for assessing global and regional progress towards development.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Monetary and multi-dimensional poverty approaches are the two facets of the same coin. Not too much difference between them.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Rwanda has seen widespread economic growth and great advances in both monetary and multi-dimensional poverty reduction.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The use of poverty measures for targeting policies and programs is not limited to monetary approaches.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Measuring poverty is really not a monitor of progress towards goals and targets in terms of development policy and poverty reduction.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect