* not completed

. Discourse refers to a group of statements which provide ________.

a) the value of multiculturalism to address the needs of multi-ethnic societies correct incorrect

b) symbolic representation of the oppressed people of Mexico correct incorrect

c) the "Linguistic Turn" of Habermas in his social theory correct incorrect

d) a language for talking about a particular kind of knowledge about a topic correct incorrect

e) the biases of European white culture imposed to others correct incorrect

* not completed

. Eurocentrism in development theory and practice refers to ________.

a) a bias towards the European experience correct incorrect

b) the centre of European values correct incorrect

c) the "political centre" of Europe correct incorrect

d) how central Europeans experience discrimination correct incorrect

e) the political movement for a united Europe correct incorrect

* not completed

. Post-development has resulted in a tendency for development plans to be ________.

a) "a rejection of the entire paradigm" of development correct incorrect

b) "an interest in local culture and knowledge" correct incorrect

c) a critical stance towards established scientific discourses; and the defense and promotion of localized, pluralistic grassroots movements correct incorrect

d) both A and C correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. The promise of prosperity given by Truman had a certain humanitarian purpose; but it was also associated with ________.

a) geopolitical motives correct incorrect

b) preventing the influence of communism in the newly independent countries of Africa correct incorrect

c) the element of the containment of communism correct incorrect

d) both B and C correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. The assumption of the superiority of industrialized countries has been shattered by ________.

a) the ecological predicament correct incorrect

b) a historical analysis correct incorrect

c) patterns of resource consumption correct incorrect

d) all of the above correct incorrect

e) none of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. The historical context of post-development studies is NOT marked by ________.

a) the works of Esteva and Scobar correct incorrect

b) the success of development theory and practices correct incorrect

c) the rise of post-structuralism correct incorrect

d) post-colonial theory of Fanon correct incorrect

e) It is marked by all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Neoliberal counter-revolution does NOT draw on ________.

a) capitalist enterprise correct incorrect

b) the search for profit correct incorrect

c) narratives only as a solution to poverty and not as a cause correct incorrect

d) grassroots movements correct incorrect

e) non-state intervention correct incorrect

* not completed

. One of the most important intellectual moves of post-development is to conceive of "development" as a ________.

a) homogeneous school of thought correct incorrect

b) rejection of local culture and knowledges correct incorrect

c) established paradigm correct incorrect

d) discourse correct incorrect

e) membership correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to Stuart Hall, language ________.

a) is irrelevant correct incorrect

b) has a real effect correct incorrect

c) is a barrier correct incorrect

d) helps us communicate correct incorrect

e) is loaded with political sub-text correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to James Ferguson, development discourse ________ questions of inequality.

a) defines correct incorrect

b) stigmatizes correct incorrect

c) emphasizes correct incorrect

d) depoliticizes correct incorrect

e) eliminates correct incorrect

* not completed

. In dealing with questions of knowledge and power, Michel Foucault contends that what is accepted as true is________.

a) the discovery of natural science leading to economic progress correct incorrect

b) the process of modernization brought about human happiness correct incorrect

c) dependent on the social and historical contexts correct incorrect

d) irrespective of history and place correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Anti-colonial thinker Frantz Fanon believed that the road to development of the Third World passes through________.

a) a non-violent resistance correct incorrect

b) a peaceful disobedience correct incorrect

c) abandoning technological progress correct incorrect

d) take over the states from the colonizers as the main road to development correct incorrect

e) starting a new history of Man correct incorrect

* not completed

. Post-development authors________.

a) do not opposed to the dependency critique of the capitalist world system correct incorrect

b) contend that criticizing capitalism is not enough correct incorrect

c) do not decry the exploitation of the "underdeveloped" countries correct incorrect

d) both A and B correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. In the words of Escobar, post-development is characterized by________.

a) a passionate tendency for technological advancement correct incorrect

b) a rejection of the entire paradigm of development correct incorrect

c) embracing scientism for progress correct incorrect

d) responding positively to Truman's proposal for development correct incorrect

e) an understanding of the fact that development needs the investment by international financial institution correct incorrect

* not completed

. In the eyes of Estiva, development requires ________.

a) establishing economic values that could not be sold in the market correct incorrect

b) a process of capital accumulation correct incorrect

c) producing goods and services that could be sold in the market correct incorrect

d) both B and C correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Neoliberals support the conception of degrowth.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Hegemonic model of development is rejected in some theoretical debates as well as in some practices that exhibit clear parallels to post-development.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The tendency of hegemonic theories to present a single pathway to development modernity denies diversity and heterogeneity.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The basic critique against the post-development is about romanticizing the grassroots movements and local communities in the South.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to Escobar, traditional critiques of development theory remain entangled in the discourse they seek to disrupt.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Foucault argues that statements about the social, political, or moral world are rarely ever simply true or false.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Ferguson stresses the importance of discourse in development studies.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Representatives of development theory and policy, when faced with new challenges, usually deny the fact that early modernization theories may be guilty of being too economic.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Thaba-Tseka project in Lesotho was considered to be a failure by its sponsors.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to Stuart Hall, language operates as a corrective to political injustice.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Post-development is a homogenous school of thought.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. It is right to argue, as Esteva did, that by the advent of the idea of international development in 1949 by Truman, two billion people became underdeveloped.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. From the post-development perspective, the lack of money to buy goods and the lack of modern conveniences are the main causes of underdevelopment.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. For Esteva, development is equated with the pursuit of material wealth and ever-growing production.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Post-development scholars believe that the increase in GNP/GDP is the sole indicator of economic growth.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect