* not completed

. Empowerment is defined as the process through which the poor are ________.

a) seeking political control correct incorrect

b) developing themselves correct incorrect

c) carrying out altruistic action correct incorrect

d) rebalancing power relations correct incorrect

e) mobilized to assist in reforms correct incorrect

* not completed

. The World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) were created to replace ________.

a) the Bretton Woods system correct incorrect

b) a haphazard collection of poverty reduction development policies and programs correct incorrect

c) structural adjustment lending correct incorrect

d) Poverty Reduction Aid Guidelines correct incorrect

e) IMF Structural Aid Strategies correct incorrect

* not completed

. Good governance refers to ________.

a) efficient government management correct incorrect

b) government-maintained social order correct incorrect

c) market-led development correct incorrect

d) transparent and accountable decision-making correct incorrect

e) governance that reflects the desires of the population correct incorrect

* not completed

. In the medium term, structural adjustment involved all of the below except for ________.

a) debt cancellation correct incorrect

b) the rapid liberalization of trade correct incorrect

c) the deregulation of markets correct incorrect

d) the introduction of the private sector into social service provision correct incorrect

e) the privatization of state-owned industries correct incorrect

* not completed

. The original goal of the IMF was to ________.

a) fund World Bank projects correct incorrect

b) provide states with a monetary safety-net to keep their economies stable correct incorrect

c) oversee and stimulate the economies of under-developed countries correct incorrect

d) supply economic financial aid to cash-strapped companies correct incorrect

e) implement neoliberal structural adjustment reforms correct incorrect

* not completed

. The United States currently holds ________ of voting rights within the IMF and World Bank.

a) 3 per cent correct incorrect

b) 7 per cent correct incorrect

c) 17 per cent correct incorrect

d) 25 per cent correct incorrect

e) 48 per cent correct incorrect

* not completed

. The IMF's reactions to the undermining of stable exchange rates did NOT include ________.

a) recasting itself as an international lender of last resort correct incorrect

b) increasing surveillance of the policies pursued by borrowing governments correct incorrect

c) rejecting a one-size-fits-all approach and prioritizing empowerment and ownership of development strategies correct incorrect

d) attaching conditions to loans designed to reduce government and consumer spending to lower imports correct incorrect

e) The IMF's reactions included all of the above. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Recently, the World Bank has begun to focus more on promoting ________, which is defined as the networks and linkages people can use to gain access to access resources.

a) intellectual property correct incorrect

b) social capital correct incorrect

c) fair trade correct incorrect

d) ethical community correct incorrect

e) syndicalism correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________ was the only major borrower from the IMF by 2007.

a) Brazil correct incorrect

b) India correct incorrect

c) South Africa correct incorrect

d) Nigeria correct incorrect

e) Turkey correct incorrect

* not completed

. World Bank "subscriptions" ________.

a) define voting rights correct incorrect

b) report on policy changes correct incorrect

c) enable delegates to vote correct incorrect

d) define voting procedures correct incorrect

e) report decisions of the Structural Development Committee correct incorrect

* not completed

. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have attracted criticism from the opponents. The reason is that ________.

a) their policies serve to entrench global poverty and exacerbate inequalities correct incorrect

b) they have failed to eradicate poverty correct incorrect

c) do not have a good grasp of today's needs correct incorrect

d) do not meet their goal correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________ attended the Bretton Woods conference.

a) Marshall and Dexter White correct incorrect

b) Keynes, White, and Marshall correct incorrect

c) White, Truman, and Keynes correct incorrect

d) McNamara and Keynes correct incorrect

e) Keynes and Dexter White correct incorrect

* not completed

. On assuming office in 1968, McNamara initiated new policies. Among them are ________.

a) emphasizing the need for the Bank to fund direct anti-poverty efforts through social programs correct incorrect

b) making loans to countries untouched by the World Bank correct incorrect

c) targeting a wider range of development objectives correct incorrect

d) both A and B correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Owing to high levels of debt during the 1980s, the IMF and World Bank wielded considerable influence over many countries in ________.

a) Africa correct incorrect

b) sub-Saharan Africa correct incorrect

c) North African countries correct incorrect

d) South Asia correct incorrect

e) Haiti and Dominican Republic correct incorrect

* not completed

. "Our dream is a world free of poverty" is the slogan of ________.

a) IFIs correct incorrect

b) global civil society correct incorrect

c) the WB correct incorrect

d) the IMF correct incorrect

e) Latin Americans correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Bretton Woods System was founded on the establishment of fixed exchange rates between national currencies.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Structural adjustment lending has been remodelled under the new motif of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs).

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The original focus of the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development changed with the unveiling of the US Marshall Plan.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The International Development Association is a component of the World Bank that offers developing countries interest-free loans with long repayment periods.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. No single country within the IMF and the World Bank is unilaterally able to veto amendments to the constitutions of either organization.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The governing boards of the World Bank and the IMF operate transparently.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The IMF has been consistently focused on macroeconomic policies.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Social capital refers to networks and linkages which provide an individual or household with access to resources.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The World Bank has been recently criticized for continuing to make loans to middle-income countries, such as China and India.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. During his tenure as President of the World Bank, Robert McNamara's approach became known as the "Keynesian approach."

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Unlike the United Nations General Assembly, in the IMF and World Bank each country has one vote.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The IMF and World Bank are run on a day-to-day basis by an internal management structure.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

@See page 165 correct incorrect

* not completed

. The IMF and World Bank were widely perceived by post-colonial states and their populations as assuming the role of debt collectors for private banks.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Towards the end of the cold war, both IFIs wielded their considerable influence in order to propagate a common, US-supported development doctrine on a global scale.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. In 2001, the World Bank published a report containing what it had learned from engaging with civil society over the successes and failures of structural adjustment.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect