* not completed

. The fundamental cause of the ecological problem is:

Exploration for natural resources. correct incorrect

The finite nature of many natural resources and associated pollution effects of resource extraction, production, and use. correct incorrect

The unequal patterns of resource use between developed and developing countries. correct incorrect

The rise in emissions of greenhouse gases. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The argument that the 'polluter pays' principle is ineffective in terms of reducing pollution is because it is argued that:

Richer consumers can simply afford to pay and so essentially pollution will still continue to rise. correct incorrect

It is unfair to penalise richer consumers who will pay more of the taxes. correct incorrect

The 'polluter pays' principle cannot solve environmental problems on its own. correct incorrect

It is impossible to work out the size of the necessary tax. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following gases is the major contributor to global warming?

Methane correct incorrect

Hydrogen correct incorrect

Nitrogen correct incorrect

Carbon Dioxide correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is an example of a social cost?

UK coal-fired power stations creating acid rain that causes deforestation in Norway. correct incorrect

A new rail line reducing the number of commuters driving to work. correct incorrect

Power stations in China installing carbon capture technology. correct incorrect

The EU limits on fish catches. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following best represents the views of the Right regarding the ecological problem?

Business should not be forced to pay the social costs that it generates. correct incorrect

The polluter should pay. correct incorrect

There is no trade-off between environmental damage and economic growth. correct incorrect

Environmentally friendly technologies are the enemy of business. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Why might big multinational energy companies like Exxon be seriously dismayed by governments passing laws to significantly cut carbon dioxide emissions?

Energy consumers would switch from using oil to coal. correct incorrect

Energy producers will seek to develop non-fossil fuel energy alternatives. correct incorrect

Energy company revenues and profits could be threatened. correct incorrect

Energy consumers would switch from oil to gas. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is not a policy used to deal with climate change?

Traffic congestion charges. correct incorrect

Switching to low carbon technologies. correct incorrect

Reducing demand for high emissions-intensive goods and services. correct incorrect

Expanding the use of fracking to exploit natural gas reserves. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following policies did Stern NOT recommend in his Review of 2006?

Reduce demand for emissions-intensive goods and services. correct incorrect

Avoid the use of environmental taxes as these were not going to be effective in the long terms. correct incorrect

Develop alternative forms of energy. correct incorrect

Increase resource efficiency. correct incorrect

* not completed

. It is argued that it is in the interest of business to protect the environment because:

Short term profits will increase. correct incorrect

In the long term we are all dead. correct incorrect

Current operating costs will fall. correct incorrect

Maximizing short term profits endangers long term profits and increases risk. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Triple bottom line accounting aims to show:

The financial profit made by firms. correct incorrect

The social impact of firms. correct incorrect

The environmental impact of firms. correct incorrect

All of the options given. correct incorrect