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Web links
Chapter 2: Theories of Democratization
Alan Chong: "Southeast Asia: theory between modernization and tradition".
International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, September 2007; 7: 391 – 425 http://irap.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/7/3/391
Chapter 3: Democratic and Undemocratic States
Map of Freedom 2018 https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2018
Corruption Perceptions Index world map 2017 https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2017
Corruption Perceptions Index 1998 https://www.transparency.org/research/cpi/cpi_1998/0
Corruption Perceptions Index: 2008 https://www.transparency.org/research/cpi/cpi_2008/0
Chapter 4: Measuring Democracy and Democratization
Freedom House Index http://www.freedomhouse.org/
Polity IV Democracy Score http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm
Varieties of Democracy https://www.v-dem.net/en/
Economist Democracy Index https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2018/01/31/democracy-continues-its-disturbing-retreat
Chapter 5: Long Waves and Conjunctures of Democratization
Polity IV project website www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm.
Annual Polity Scores (1800-2015) and percentage of DEMOC and AUTOC scores (1800-2006), available at www.systemicpeace.org/polity/PTfig01.htm.
Polity IV Individual Country regime Trends, available at www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm.
Chapter 6: The Global Wave of Democratization
Chapter 7: The International Context
http://carnegieendowment.org/programs/democracy/
Chapter 8: Democracy, Business and the Economy: Exploring the relationship between democracy and capitalism: the East Asian experience
https://voxdev.org/topic/institutions-political-economy/democracy-and-economic-growth-new-evidence
Doh Chull Shin, "The Parallel Development of Democracy and Markets" (March 15, 2005). Center for the Study of Democracy. University of California / Irvine. Paper 05-04 http://repositories.cdlib.org/csd/05-04
Chapter 9: Political culture, mass beliefs and value change
Harry Eckstein, "Lessons for the "Third Wave" from the First: An Essay on Democratization " (November 30, 1996). Center for the Study of Democracy, University of California/Irvine. Paper 96-02 http://repositories.cdlib.org/csd/96-02
Harry Eckstein, "Congruence Theory Explained" (July 15, 1997). Center for the Study of Democracy, University of California/Irvine. Paper 97-07 http://repositories.cdlib.org/csd/97-07
World Values Survey (WVS) Association http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp
Chapter 10: Gender and Democratization
The International IDEA Women in Politics website provides information on women's political participation and gender quotas https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/gender-quotas
Women in National Parliaments database (Inter-Parliamentary Union) http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm
The International IDEA Women in Politics: country overview information www.quotaproject.org/country.cfm
Chapter 11: Social Capital and Civil Society
Sara Rich Dorman. Jan 2002. ‘Rocking the boat?’: Church-NGOs and democratization in Zimbabwe’. African Affairs (Oxford University Press). 101 (402): 75 – 92 http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/101/402/75
Ayo Olukotun. Jul 2002. ‘Authoritarian State, Crisis of Democratization and the Underground Media in Nigeria’. African Affairs (Oxford University Press). 101 (404): 317 – 342 http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/101/404/317
https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.istr.org/resource/resmgr/africa_network/CIVIL_SOCIETY_AND_DEMOCRATIC.pdf
Chapter 12: Social Movements, Trade Unions and Advocacy Networks in democratization processes
http://www.civicus.org/eei/downloads/Civicus_EEI%20REPORT%202013_WEB_FINAL.pdf
Chapter 13: Conventional Citizen participation
International Idea Voter Turnout Web Site https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/voter-turnout
IDEA publication 'Voter Turnout Trends Around the World, published in 2016 and available at https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/voter-turnout-trends-around-the-world.pdf
Chapter 14: Political Parties
- Why is it that democracy without parties may have trouble functioning?
- Do you agree with this author's views on functions of political parties to democracy?
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/9590212.pdf
According to the report from the link below, what explains why parties in Asia are so weak? Which countries have improved the most in terms of party strengthening over time? https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/bc/24/bc240a68-94a7-4986-915a-0103e729d222/tr002_political_parties_in_sav4.pdf
Read the following article on secular parties in Egypt https://carnegieendowment.org/2017/03/31/egypt-s-secular-political-parties-struggle-for-identity-and-independence-pub-68482
Chapter 15: Institutional Design on New Democracies
The Electoral Systems database from IDEA International
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/electoral-system-design
https://www.idea.int/gsod/files/IDEA-GSOD-2017-RESOURCE-GUIDE-ELECTIONS.pdf
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/continent-view/Africa/44
Chapter 16: The Media
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/freedom-press-2017
Chapter 17: Social Media
https://theconversation.com/why-social-media-may-not-be-so-good-for-democracy-86285
Freedom House on social media https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/freedom-net-2017
Chapter 18: A Decade of Democratic Stagnation and Decline
http://repositories.cdlib.org/csd/08-07/
Chapter 19: Democratic Transitions in Southern Europe
Richard Gillespie. "The continuing debate on democratization in Spain". Parliamentary Affairs. October 1993: 46; pp.534-548 http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/46/4/534
George Doukas. "Party elites and democratization in Greece". Parliamentary Affairs. October 1993: 46; pp.506-516 http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/46/4/506
Chapter 20: Latin America
The report "Democracies in development: politics and reform in Latin America" International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) http://www.idea.int/publications/dem_dev/index.cfm
Chapter 21: Post- Communist Europe
BBC Report: "1968: Soviets crush 'Prague Spring'" http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/21/newsid_2781000/2781867.stm
Hungary '56'. BBC Radio 4 Documentary (presenter: Charles Wheeler) http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/pip/ah7q1/
BBC Report: "1989: Election boost for Solidarity" http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/5/newsid_2496000/2496895.stm
BBC Audio Report "October 1989: East Germany struggles after exodus" http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_4220000/newsid_4227100/4227162.stm?bw=nb&mp=wm&news=1&bbcws=1
BBC Video Report "1989: Romania 'first couple' executed" http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_6590000/newsid_6597700/6597787.stm?bw=nb&mp=wm&news=1&bbcws=1
Chapter 22: Post- Soviet Eurasia
Freedom House https://freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/nations-transit-2018
Wilson Centre Report https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/kennan_cable_30_-_rojansky_minakov.pdf
Chapter 23: The Middle East and North Africa
Chapter 24: Sub-Saharan Africa
"Mandela's life and times" http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1454208.stm
BBC Audio Report: "Mandela's first speech as a free man" http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page31.shtml
BBC Video Report: "1990: De Klerk lifts ANC ban, Mandela to be freed" http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/2/newsid_2524000/2524997.stm
BBC Video Report: "1992: White South Africans vote for change" http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/18/newsid_2524000/2524695.stm
South Africa's profile (BBC country profiles) http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1071886.stm
BBC Report: "South Africa Celebrates 20 years of democracy" https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-africa-27152981/south-africa-celebrates-20-years-of-democracy
Carnegie Endowment https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/08/16/zimbabwe-s-coup-did-not-create-democracy-from-dictatorship-pub-77069
Chapter 25: East Asia
Asian Barometer