Chapter 6 Quiz

Why do imperialist powers prefer informal empires to formal ones?

They are less expensive to create.

They utilize greater use of military force.

They cause less conflict with other empires.

They don't need extensive use of diplomacy.

Which one of the following conditions makes a formal empire necessary?

When the local elites cooperate with the imperial power.

When there is significant investment in industry by the imperial power.

When another imperial power threatens to occupy that territory.

When foreign merchants are no longer able to do business in the territory's markets.

Which of the following was a formal colony in the Middle East?

Kuwait

Aden

The Ottoman Empire

Persia

Why did the British establish protectorates in the Persian Gulf?

To gain access to crude oil deposits.

To take territory away from the Ottoman Empire.

To prevent Russian expansion in the Persian Gulf.

To protect Britain's route to India.

During much of its period under Ottoman control, what was the major source of revenue for Algeria?

Piracy

Trade with Spain

Wheat production

Textile production

Which European power invaded Algeria in 1830?

Great Britain

France

Spain

Germany

How many European settlers were there in Algeria by the outbreak of World War One?

One million

10,000

700,000

150,000

What led to the emergence of nationalism in Algeria after World War I?

It's integration into the global economic and states systems.

The growth of Islamic institutions.

The beginning of the Great Depression.

The arrival of fascist immigrants from Italy.

In the late 19th century, where did Baron Edmund de Rothschild attempt to establish a settler-plantation colony modeled after the French in Algeria?

Egypt

Palestine

Libya

Iraq

How did the Algerian war for independence influence movements like the Palestinian Liberation Organization?

It was believed that only through armed struggle could national liberation come about.

It was believed that national liberation could only be attained by disrupting the settler-plantation economic system.

It was believed that the support of a great power in Europe was necessary for national liberation.

It was believed that national liberation came through silent protest and acts of disobedience.

Colonel Ahmad 'Urabi's revolt in 1881 was, in part, caused by

attempts by the government to make Turkish the national language.

the actions of the Caisse del la Dette.

the occupation of Libya by Italy.

Ottoman attempts to take direct control over Egypt.

British policies in Egypt were often informed by their experience in

the American colonies.

China.

India.

Australia.

What was the overall effect of British economic policies in Egypt?

Egypt would be dependent on exporting cash-crops and would not achieve full economic development.

Egypt was never able to achieve significant economic growth due to the prevalence of subsistence agriculture.

Egypt was able to attain a high-level of industrial development that made it the envy of other Middle Eastern countries.

Egypt became too reliant of revenues generated from traffic through the Suez Canal.

In what area did the British limit government spending in order to prevent rebellion and instability?

The military

Education

Infrastructure

Agriculture

According to Gelvin, how does sectarianism differ from nationalism?

Sectarianism seeks equality among all religious communities.

Sectarianism encourages conflict with colonial powers.

Sectarianism is non-violent.

Sectarianism does not seek sovereignty.

What led to the increased prosperity of the Christian community in the eastern Mediterranean during the nineteenth century?

They quickly introduced European farming techniques which greatly increased agricultural yields.

They developed economic ties with European merchants who used them as middlemen in trade with the Ottoman Empire.

The Ottoman government favored hiring Christians for high-paying jobs.

The Christian community was the first to develop factories in the eastern Mediterranean.

What solution did the Europeans enforce on the Ottomans related to the violence in Mount Lebanon?

The French and British occupied Mount Lebanon in order to prevent further violence.

The Ottomans gave Mount Lebanon autonomy and put the region under European protection.

The Ottomans established Mount Lebanon as an independent Christian kingdom.

The Europeans were unable to enforce a solution due to conflicts of interest.

What was the name of the 1943 agreement in Lebanon that established proportional representation for the sectarian communities in government?

The National Pact

The New Deal

The Hatt-i Sharif

The Beirut Agreement

Which group used sectarianism to push Iraq to the brink of a Sunni-Shi' a civil war after the American invasion in 2003?

ISIS

The FLN

al-Qaeda in Mesopotamia

The PLO

According to Gelvin, once introduced, can sectarianism be eliminated from an area?

Yes, religious communities can go through a path of reconciliation.

No, it is very unlikely that the communities will ever develop trust between each other.

Yes, as long as the United Nations keeps a presence in the area.

No, communities will continue to rely on terrorism to gain an advantage.

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