Chapter 07 Self-assessment

. World War I led to the decline of U.S. power in Latin America and a resurgence of British influence, trends that proved to be temporary.

True.

False.

. In most of Latin America, the capital city tended to become vastly larger and more economically important than any other city in the nation, or even than the secondary cities put together.

True.

False.

. Which of the following was NOT a factor that contributed to urbanization in Latin America around the turn of the century?

The availability of employment opportunities in growing urban industries.

The relative lack of opportunity in much of the countryside.

Governing elites' encouragement of their rural populations to move to the cities.

Immigration from Europe (and in a few cases Asia).

. Ricardo Pereira Passos' modernization of Rio de Janeiro included all of the following EXCEPT

Creating public spaces such as parks and plazas.

Widening avenues to facilitate modern methods of transportation.

Imposing public health measures like mandatory smallpox vaccinations.

Imposing rent controls and building affordable housing so as to ensure an adequate supply of low-wage labor for the city's employers.

. Which of the following was NOT discussed as a modernization effort in one or more Latin American cities in this period?

Draining standing water to curtail water- and mosquito-borne diseases.

Deploying neighborhood watch and citizens' militias to fight organized crime.

Using physical characteristics and scientific theories to predict people's propensity for criminal behavior.

Registering prostitutes so as to tax their work and test them for health and venereal disease.

. The student strike in Argentina demonstrated that the middle-classes could be subjected to the same restrictions on civic and political action as the working classes.

True.

False.

. The telephone and the employment of telephone operators demonstrates all of the following EXCEPT?

How modernization and urbanization created new employment opportunities for middle-class women.

The persistence of gender- and class-based ideas about honor.

How modern technology increased the gap between the poor and the elites and middle classes.

An example of how workplaces became increasingly integrated across gender lines.

. The career of the Brazilian novelist Joaquin Maria Machado de Assis exemplifies the broader emergence of the professional middle class in Latin America in this period.

True.

False.

. All of the following factors contributed to the loss of indigenous-community autonomy in Morelos, Mexico EXCEPT

Technological advances in sugar production and transportation.

Local judges who ruled in favor of plantation owners rather than indigenous communities in land disputes.

Local politicians who used labor and military drafts to suppress dissent.

Local priests who deferred to the landowning elites rather than standing up for their parishioners.

. The rise of henequen cultivation in Yucatán caused environmental changes that increasingly made self-sufficient life in Maya villages impossible.

True.

False.

. The rise and decline of cacao cultivation in Bahia, Brazil illustrates all of the following EXCEPT

The promise and the peril of Brazil's integration as a competitor in global commodity markets.

The vulnerability of plantation monoculture to pests, blight, and other natural dangers.

The importance of military officers to the Brazilian economy under the Old Republic.

he persistence of seemingly "pre-modern" forms of social organization, hierarchy, and competition well into the twentieth century.

. While Guatemala's positivist elites were able to force many indigenous people into the market economy, they were unable to undermine indigenous communities' agricultural self-sufficiency and religious and cultural practices entirely.

True.

False.

. The career of Antonio Conselheiro and the community at Canudos illustrates all of the following Latin American patterns EXCEPT

How the decline of the institutional Catholic Church allowed unorthodox and often radical preachers to mobilize local populations and challenge the authorities.

How export agriculture transformed once-peripheral areas into boomtowns, disrupting established institutions and lifeways.

How the extension of state authority into the once-remote countryside undermined community autonomy.

How positivist Latin American states often failed or refused to accept the equality and legitimacy of their poorest citizens.

. During its short time in power the maderista coalition pursued or implemented all of the following EXCEPT

A labor policy that supported urban workers' negotiations for higher wages and better working conditions.

Creating legal mechanisms for communities to petition for the return of lands lost to haciendas.

Cracking down on prostitution, drinking, and gambling.

Forcibly disarming Zapata's followers and other rural revolutionaries.

. All of the following were legacies of the military phase (1910-1920) of the Mexican Revolution EXCEPT

It reduced regionalism by marching millions of soldiers, revolutionaries, and displaced people out of their home states and villages.

It made the Revolutionary government more sensitive to women's issues as a result of the key roles that female revolutionaries played in the military campaigns.

It turned Emiliano Zapata into a martyred symbol of revolutionary social reform, particularly for rural people.

It weakened the traditions of social deference and subservience that poor Mexicans had shown to the elites.

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