Chapter 04 Self-assessment

. Latin American peasantries were subject to unique pressures from a combination of new technologies (railroads), economic forces (commercial agriculture and global trade), and political ideologies (liberal nationalism) that was not felt elsewhere in the world in the nineteenth century.

True.

False.

. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the colonial-era segregation of indigenous people into republicas de indios

It had allowed indigenous peoples to continue to hold land communally.

It exempted indigenous people from sales taxes and other obligations leveled on Spanish settlers and their descendants.

It was intended to allow indigenous peoples to continue practicing their own religions.

It facilitated the extraction of forced labor and financial tribute from indigenous peoples.

. For many indigenous communities, paying tribute seemed worth it in order to keep their communities and communal landholdings intact.

True.

False.

. In contrast to El Salvador, in Guatemala

The Catholic Church intervened successfully to block the breaking up of indigenous communities.

The relatively small indigenous population meant there were fewer conflicts over land privatization.

There were few areas suitable for coffee cultivation, easing the pressure on communal lands.

The government never outlawed communal landholding entirely, though it was reduced in practice.

. In Bolivia after 1860, indigenous communities suffered both the loss of ownership of many of their communal lands and the continued obligation to pay tribute.

True.

False.

. Which of the following is FALSE about the Portuguese colony of Madeira?

It became the model for sugar-plantation colonies throughout the Americas.

The expansion of sugar went hand in hand with ecological degradation, chiefly deforestation.

Its large indigenous population resisted Portuguese colonization for nearly a century.

It pioneered the use of enslaved African labor in the Portuguese Atlantic world.

. The technological modernization of industrial-scale sugar mills in Cuba proved incompatible with the continued use of slave labor.

True.

False.

. As a result of the Pact of Zanjón

Cuba remained a Spanish colony, and slavery was abolished after some delay.

Cuba was granted independence on the condition that it compensate Spanish plantation owners.

Slaves who had rebelled against Spain were re-enslaved, and their masters imprisoned.

Cuba was supposed to be annexed to the United States.

. The abolition of slavery in Brazil removed a key pillar of support for the Brazilian monarchy.

True.

False.

. Which of the following is FALSE about "popular religion" in the mid-to-late nineteenth-century?

Liberal governments' policies resulted in many people lacking a Catholic priest to minister to them.

Many indigenous communities saw the Catholic Church as an ally against Liberal encroachments.

It was weakest in frontier and rural areas and among indigenous people.

"Popular" or "folk Catholicism" blended pre- or non-Christian beliefs and practices with Catholic ones.

. The defense of religious institutions was a crucial factor that explains popular support for Conservatism in Mexico.

True.

False.

. Which of the following was NOT a way in which Colombian women engaged with politics?

Hosting political meetings and discussions in taverns and in their homes.

Participating in petition drives.

Attending political rallies.

Running for political office.

. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Latin American craft guilds?

They were open to female as well as male artisans.

They were targeted by Liberal governments as another form of pre-modern corporate privilege.

They generally opposed free trade and low import tariffs.

They provided their working-class members with a means of political advocacy.

. Poor women tended to have more economic and social autonomy in rural areas than in urban settings.

True.

False.

. Though with a veneer of seemingly medieval aristocracy and social deference, Latin American haciendas were at heart market-oriented, capitalistic enterprises.

True.

False.

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