* not completed

. Legal positivism is ________.

a) the belief that only laws which benefit the whole population are legitimate correct incorrect

b) the idea that the law is what the state says it is correct incorrect

c) the claim that laws cannot embody moral principles correct incorrect

d) the idea that lawyers should be in charge of government correct incorrect

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. The principle of secularism asserts that ________.

a) government should be based on religious principles correct incorrect

b) religions are always a threat to social stability and, therefore, should be banned correct incorrect

c) the state should promote one form of religious belief and ban the others correct incorrect

d) the state authorities should have precedence over competing sources of authority, especially religious ones correct incorrect

* not completed

. The phrase the "rule of law" means ________.

a) everyone is equal in the eyes of the law correct incorrect

b) the law should be effective enough to keep everyone in order correct incorrect

c) laws should reflect the will of the majority correct incorrect

d) lawyers should never be prosecuted correct incorrect

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. The three states that do NOT have a codified constitution are ________.

a) the UK, Iraq, and Afghanistan correct incorrect

b) the UK, the US, and Zimbabwe correct incorrect

c) the UK, New Zealand, and Israel correct incorrect

d) Cuba, China, and Russia correct incorrect

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. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) ________.

a) was influenced by French Revolutionary principles correct incorrect

b) lays down social rights as well as the relationship between the citizen and the state correct incorrect

c) contains clauses which are open to a variety of interpretations correct incorrect

d) all of the above correct incorrect

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. A major difference between Islamic states and their counterparts in the West is that ________.

a) citizens of some Islamic states can appeal to diverse legal systems correct incorrect

b) Islamic judges are less bound by legal precedent correct incorrect

c) Islamic judges are more influenced by religious considerations correct incorrect

d) all of the above correct incorrect

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. The influence of the European legal system has been felt ________.

a) only in the areas which Europeans have colonized correct incorrect

b) only in areas where Europeans formed the majority of the population correct incorrect

c) in European states and areas colonised by Europeans, but also in many places which have never been ruled by Europeans correct incorrect

d) only in states with a tradition of respect for the rule of law correct incorrect

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. The relatively large number of lawyers in the US is partly a product of ________.

a) the high level of corruption in that country correct incorrect

b) the fact that citizens of the US can access law relatively easily correct incorrect

c) the higher proportion of clever people in the US correct incorrect

d) the deficiencies of the US constitution correct incorrect

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. Federalism entails ________.

a) the decentralization of power within a state correct incorrect

b) the centralization of power within a state correct incorrect

c) the dictatorship of the EU Commission correct incorrect

d) an elected president rather than a monarch correct incorrect

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. Typical features of consociationalism do NOT include ________.

a) governments that include parties representing all of the main communities correct incorrect

b) the devolution of decision-making on key issues correct incorrect

c) political leaders who lack strong principles correct incorrect

d) some form of proportional representation correct incorrect

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. According to Gerald Taiaiake Alfred, Indigenous Governance is bounded by six principles of governance: ________.

a) state centric, dispersed, unequal power, individualism, judicial review, and deep ecology correct incorrect

b) active participation of individuals, layers of equal power, is dispersed, situational, non-coercive, and respects diversity correct incorrect

c) ecologism, statism, and equality correct incorrect

d) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. A basic feature of most constitutions is ________.

a) the list of protections for the state correct incorrect

b) the list of fundamental rights of citizens correct incorrect

c) the separation of rights for the federal and local government correct incorrect

d) checks and balances correct incorrect

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. The requirements for just laws are ________.

a) general in scope, public, prospective rather than retroactive, clear, consistent, relatively constant, capable of being obeyed, and enforced as written correct incorrect

b) specific in scope, private, retroactive, unclear, inconsistent, constant, enforced as written, and capable of being obeyed correct incorrect

c) laws are not just and this is a trick question correct incorrect

d) general in public, inconsistent, and ill-advised correct incorrect

* not completed

. The 2013 New Zealand constitutional consultations were significant because ________.

a) they took place between the two groups correct incorrect

b) any future constitution in New Zealand will include full recognition of the rights of Indigenous Maori to self-determination correct incorrect

c) there will be marble federalism between the two groups correct incorrect

d) all of the above correct incorrect

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. Federalism is ________.

a) about politics and important to a strong state correct incorrect

b) a form of government in which power is constitutionally divided between different authorities, and exercises responsibility for a set of functions correct incorrect

c) a form of government in New Zealand in which power is divided between different authorities, each authority has its own sphere of responsibilities correct incorrect

d) a two-tiered relationship between two entities, and is important to a strong state correct incorrect