* not completed

. Constraints upon freedom do NOT include ________.

a) imprisonment correct incorrect

b) suppression of peaceful political dissent correct incorrect

c) the inability to fly without mechanical aid correct incorrect

d) the total prohibition of alcoholic stimulants and tobacco products correct incorrect

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. The idea of "positive liberty" means that ________.

a) the state has the right to intervene in the hope of making people's lives more fulfilling correct incorrect

b) people should just get out there and do whatever they want correct incorrect

c) only self-confident people can be free correct incorrect

d) freedom means the absence of constraints deliberately imposed by other people correct incorrect

* not completed

. Isaiah Berlin argued that ________.

a) the state can and should do more to reduce economic inequalities correct incorrect

b) the criminal justice system is an unacceptable infringement of freedom correct incorrect

c) irrational people do not deserve freedom correct incorrect

d) "positive" conceptions of liberty represented a serious threat to capitalism correct incorrect

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. John Stuart Mill argued that ________.

a) freedom is an essential means to human progress correct incorrect

b) hurtful opinions and nasty name-calling should be stamped out by the law correct incorrect

c) all kinds of pleasure are equally valid correct incorrect

d) people should forcibly be prevented from harming themselves correct incorrect

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. Mill's "harm principle" can be criticized because ________.

a) human beings are not necessarily made happier just because the law allows them ample freedom to make serious mistakes correct incorrect

b) it is not clear that any significant human action is purely "self-regarding" correct incorrect

c) there are circumstances when the truth needs to be given legal protection against error correct incorrect

d) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Procedural justice entails ________.

a) a fair distribution of income and wealth correct incorrect

b) an assurance that punishment should fit the crime correct incorrect

c) that decisions should be made in accordance with an established set of rules correct incorrect

d) that every offender should be tried in front of a judge and jury correct incorrect

* not completed

. In John Rawls's theory, principles of justice are established by people who are affected by ________.

a) a veil of ignorance correct incorrect

b) a state of nature correct incorrect

c) economic inequality correct incorrect

d) short-sighted self-interest correct incorrect

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. Rawls's theory is vulnerable to criticism because ________.

a) it gives undue priority to liberty over equality correct incorrect

b) it seems to presuppose an affluent society rather than one which would be affected by serious scarcity correct incorrect

c) it overlooks the possibility that people in the "original position" will enjoy taking risks correct incorrect

d) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. An important difference between Robert Nozick's ideas and those of Rawls is that ________.

a) Nozick admires capitalism whereas Rawls rejects it correct incorrect

b) Rawls is more concerned with individual liberty. correct incorrect

c) Nozick believes that people who acquire property through their labour should be allowed to keep it, while Rawls tries to justify a degree of redistributive taxation correct incorrect

d) Nozick is more willing to justify state intervention correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to the communitarian conception of justice, ________.

a) the same rules should apply in all societies correct incorrect

b) justice means different things in different contexts correct incorrect

c) Western countries have a moral duty to intervene in "rogue" states correct incorrect

d) the concept of the nation state is meaningless in a world of global citizenship correct incorrect

* not completed

. Green political thought challenges traditional notions of justice by ________.

a) introducing the concept of intragenerational justice correct incorrect

b) introducing the concept of intergenerational justice correct incorrect

c) insisting that justice applies to all human beings correct incorrect

d) treating current economic structures as beneficial correct incorrect

* not completed

. The major constraints on freedom are ________.

a) free elections, the media, physical coercion, and the economy correct incorrect

b) nondemocratic government, physical coercion, physical incapacity, rationality, psychology, and impediments correct incorrect

c) physical coercion, the media, rationality, psychology, non-governmental organizations, and a lack of power correct incorrect

d) economic impediments, political rights, the media, and the judiciary correct incorrect

* not completed

. John Stuart Mill is best known for his essay On Liberty where he argues that freedom is conducive to the greatest amount of happiness. Mill's harm principle states ________.

a) do not harm one another correct incorrect

b) actions that harm others should be prevented by public opinion or the state correct incorrect

c) actions that others find offensive but that does not cause physical pain is not harmful correct incorrect

d) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. The difference between procedural justice and social justice is ________.

a) procedural justice focuses on the fairness of the process by which the outcome is reached, while social justice focuses on the fairness of the outcome itself correct incorrect

b) procedural justice is about the procedure, while social justice is about justice correct incorrect

c) procedural justice is about what others are entitled to, while social justice is about affirming justice correct incorrect

d) procedural justice focuses on the fairness of the process by which the outcome is reached, while social justice is a distributional concept correct incorrect

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. The cosmopolitan approach is ________.

a) based on the principle of not burning fossil fuels correct incorrect

b) based on the principle that our loyalties should lie with human beings as a whole, not just with those who happen to live within our country correct incorrect

c) concerned with the "veil of ignorance" correct incorrect

d) concerned with assuming that justice only applies to humans correct incorrect

* not completed

. Cultural pluralism refers to ________.

a) situations where the greatest good is important correct incorrect

b) situations in which different cultures follow different norms of behavior within a single society correct incorrect

c) situations where the minority rights are more important than majority rights correct incorrect

d) all of the above correct incorrect