* not completed

. The Supreme Court of Canada wields authority but not power because ________.

a) the Supreme Court is not part of a civil society correct incorrect

b) the Supreme Court is legitimate based on the justices correct incorrect

c) the Supreme Court makes partisan decisions correct incorrect

d) the Supreme Court has established the right to review cases correct incorrect

* not completed

. Totalitarian regimes typically depend ________.

a) on the voluntary support of all of their citizens correct incorrect

b) entirely on brute force of the police state correct incorrect

c) entirely on brainwashing techniques correct incorrect

d) on a mixture of power and authority, with more of the former than the latter correct incorrect

* not completed

. On Max Weber's classification, modern governments are increasingly dependent on ________.

a) the Divine Right of kings correct incorrect

b) skilful manipulation of the ruled correct incorrect

c) the recognized authority of certain offices of state correct incorrect

d) the personal traits of rulers correct incorrect

* not completed

. Most conservatives believe that ________.

a) political authority always reflects economic power correct incorrect

b) only people with hereditary titles can exercise authority correct incorrect

c) whatever its origin, authority is necessary because people need to be led and protected correct incorrect

d) authority is damaging because it implies social deference correct incorrect

* not completed

. Many liberals believe that ________.

a) power is usually undesirable because it limits the freedom of the individual correct incorrect

b) power always tends to corrupt those who hold it, at least to some degree correct incorrect

c) in certain circumstances (e.g. the abolition of slavery) the exercising of power is legitimate correct incorrect

d) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Michel Foucault argued that ________.

a) harsh punishments are necessary to make people obey the law correct incorrect

b) if people were more conscious of their rights they could eradicate power inequalities forever correct incorrect

c) power is reserved for government institutions correct incorrect

d) power is inherent in all social relations, and is, therefore, impossible to eradicate even though its abuses should always be attacked correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to many Indigenous peoples, good leadership is temporary and ________.

a) related to political obligation correct incorrect

b) part of the social contract correct incorrect

c) based on particular circumstances and needs or the gifts of the leader correct incorrect

d) passed from one generation to the next correct incorrect

* not completed

. Gerald Taiaiake Alfred identifies several principles of Indigenous governance: ________.

a) pluralism, free trade with other countries, governance, and active participation correct incorrect

b) sharing Indigenous teachings correct incorrect

c) active participation of individuals, balancing many layers of equal power, dispersal of authority, governance that is situational, non-coercive, and a respect for diversity correct incorrect

d) active participation of individuals, sharing the accumulation of identities, and a respect for diversity correct incorrect

* not completed

. Stephen Lukes's classic definition of power is ________.

a) A exercises power over B when A makes B do something she wouldn't otherwise have done correct incorrect

b) A exercises power over B when she gives B a series of unambiguous orders correct incorrect

c) A exercises power over B when A affects B in a manner contrary to B's interests correct incorrect

d) A exercises power over B when A provides B with compelling reasons to act in accordance with majority opinion correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to Bachrach and Baratz, "non-decision making" is ________.

a) the inability of politicians to make up their minds correct incorrect

b) the tendency of members of the public to change their minds on key policy issues correct incorrect

c) a refusal of politicians to compromise in the national interest correct incorrect

d) the ability of powerful groups to prevent certain issues from being discussed correct incorrect

* not completed

. It is problematic to argue that people can be made to act against their real interests because ________.

a) "real" interests are subjective and open to endless contestation correct incorrect

b) ordinary people are too irrational to realize where their real interests lie correct incorrect

c) ordinary people are always the best judges of their real interests correct incorrect

d) politicians are too out of touch to recognize the "real interests" of ordinary people correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Marxist critique of power in capitalist societies ________.

a) assumes that powerful economic interests enjoy dominance in decision-making correct incorrect

b) argues that ordinary people are taught to think that the interests of powerful economic groups are identical to their own self-interest correct incorrect

c) focuses on the outcomes of decisions rather than the way in which they are made correct incorrect

d) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Gramsci's concept of hegemony is ________.

a) the ability of the people to create law correct incorrect

b) an absence of normative rules correct incorrect

c) an acceptable alternative to capitalism correct incorrect

d) the ability of elites to decide what counts as normal and abnormal correct incorrect

* not completed

. Ralph Miliband's three points that explain why elites rule even though we have universal suffrage and competitive elections are ________.

a) the system is rigged, the media is not free, and democracy does not exist correct incorrect

b) elections are not open, the Court has no power, and people choose to not vote correct incorrect

c) elites share a similar social and educational background, business is a powerful interest group, and we need to focus on decision making correct incorrect

d) business is a powerful non-governmental group, elites share goals, and democracy does not exist correct incorrect