Genotypes and Phenotypes

Fitness Functions Describe Selection

on Quantitative Traits

Measuring the Strength of Directional Selection

Evolution by Directional Selection

• When genes interact: Dominance and epistasis
• Adaptation from standing genetic variation versus new mutations
• Can adaptation rescue species from extinction?

Artificial Selection

Correlated Traits

• Constraints and trade-offs

• The causes of genetic correlations

Phenotypic Plasticity

The Genetic Architecture of

Quantitative Traits

• Quantitative trait loci
• The genetics of quantitative traits