Chapter 13 Quiz

. Plants that evolved resistance to herbivores were able to diversify rapidly. Some butterflies overcame these defenses and also diversified rapidly. This is an example of

specific coevolution.

diffuse coevolution.

escape-and-radiate coevolution.

guild evolution.

simple coevolution.

. Coevolution in predator-prey interactions does not lead to

an evolutionary arms race.

stable genetic equilibrium.

indefinite fluctuations of genetic composition.

extinction.

ecological character displacement.

. You are in an area famous for the presence for cuckoo birds, and you notice a mother bird kicking eggs out of its nest. What is the most likely explanation?

The bird is sacrificing the eggs to distract the cuckoo birds from its other eggs.

The mother does not want its offspring to be stolen by the cuckoo birds.

The bird wants to have fewer offspring to reduce the effort involved with rearing them.

The bird has recognized an attempt at brood parasitism and is removing the threat.

Too many eggs attract cuckoo birds and the mother is reducing the threat.

. The Red Queen hypothesis is often used to explain

coevolution in parasite-host interactions.

ecological character displacement.

aposematic coloration.

Batesian mimicry.

interference competition among predators.

. Which is an example of Müllerian mimicry?

A grasshopper mimics the shape and scent of an ant to infiltrate their nest.

A nonvenomous king snake mimics the highly venomous coral snake as a defensive mechanism.

The unpalatable viceroy butterfly mimics the poisonous monarch butterfly.

Weeds mimic the form and color of an agricultural plant to avoid being weeded by the farmer.

A skunk uses white and black as coloration to warn predators that dealing with them will be unpleasant.

. Which is an example of aposematism?

The snowshoe hare's coat color helps it effectively hide from predators.

Brightly colored wings on a butterfly warns predators that it is toxic.

Eyespots on a moth's wings deceive a predator into believing it is being watched.

Cleaner wrasse sit still in a conspicuous location to advertise that they will eat parasites off of the gills of larger fish.

The dominance of a male gorilla is indicated by silver-gray hair on its back.

. The relationship between a plant and an herbivore is most closely analogous to the relationship between

a predator and its prey.

competitors for resources.

a host and its parasites.

a vertically transmitted infectious disease.

a Batesian mimic and its model.

. Which infectious disease is transmitted vertically?

Human rhinoviruses, a cold, from someone sneezing in your face

Gonorrhea, a disease transmitted between sexual partners

Zika, spread by mosquitoes

Mesothelioma, lung cancer caused by asbestos

HIV, spread from mother to child during gestation or breast feeding

. The evolution of decreased virulence would be expected in a

horizontally transmitted parasite.

parasite species in which multiple infection is frequent.

host with an effective immune system.

vertically transmitted parasite.

All of the above

. Which factor favors evolutionarily stable mutualisms?

Vertical transmission of endosymbionts

Repeated or lifelong associations of partners

Genetic self-interest linked to the partner's fitness

Restricted opportunities to switch partners

All of the above

. What behavior is most likely to disrupt the mutualistic interaction as described?

Mutualistic mycorrhizal fungi species will interact with a large number of different plant species.

When parasites are scarce, mutualistic cleaner wrasse will cheat and instead bite the scales off of larger fish at a cleaning station.

Nitrogen fixing bacteria interacting with plants require sugar as an energy source, and it must be provided by the plant.

Specificity of mutualistic interactions can be very high between flowers with long nectar spurs and insects whose tongues are precisely the right length to access them.

Long-term association between mutualistic partners can become obligate.

. Ecological character displacement will tend to reduce

niche overlap between competing species.

prey vulnerability to predators.

disease virulence.

the intrinsic rate of population growth of a species.

the rate of escape-and-radiate coevolution.

. Interactions between which species are not likely to lead to coevolution?

Garter snakes and toxic newts

Cuckoo birds and reed warblers

Weevils and Camellia

The finches Geospiza fuliginosa and G. fortis

Sphinx moths and orchids

. Species on islands often exhibit greater variation in resource use than mainland species, often because of

diffuse coevolution.

community-wide character displacement.

ecological release.

guild coevolution.

species sorting.

. Three allopatric species of cat native to Israel are also highly sexually dimorphic, resulting in six unique morphotypes. Each of these has teeth whose size distributions overlap very little where species co-occur, but are much more variable where no other species occur. The most plausible hypothesis to explain this pattern is

community wide character displacement has acted to reduce competition for limiting prey.

the cats are involved in an evolutionary arms race towards larger teeth.

teeth are used as a signaling device within species to identify potential mates.

teeth are phylogenetically conservative and subject to environmental filtering.

the cats are incorrectly identified and must belong to the weasel family, Mustelidae.

Chapter 13 Quiz

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