Chapter 4 Self Quiz

The Classical and Positivist Schools of Criminology

. These explanations of crime seek reasons for crime that lie beyond the physical world.

. This perspective of crime considers antisocial behavior as caused by an evil entity who lives inside an individual and overtakes his or her personality.

. According to this perspective, criminal offenders freely choose to break the law.

. According to this philosopher, individuals concede to the sovereign the right to make the rules of society and to enforce them.

. This philosopher believed that to receive obedience, the sovereign must respect the rights of the governed; if the sovereign violates the social contract, subjects have a right to rebel.

. This type of law postulates that there are inalienable natural rights granted to humanity because they are inherent in the social contract.

. According to Cesare Beccaria's moral calculus, individuals act in this manner.

. According to Beccaria, deterrence is the object of this.

. According to classical criminology, the law should focus on the offender's _____.

. Who developed the concept of utilitarianism?

. Which of the following is not one of the main assumptions of the positivist school of criminology?

. The concept of soft determinism allows this type of criminology to downplay social forces affecting behavior and reassert some classical ideas.

. Which is one of the three limiting factors that positivism contributed to the neoclassical idea of free will?

. What is the process of investigation in which phenomena are observed; ideas are tested, and conclusions are drawn?

. Early positivists attempted to link their explanations of offenders' behavior to external, observable forces that could be _____.

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