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PRISONS IN THE UNITED STATES
Control in the Colonies and Early United States: 1770–1860
The Pennsylvania System
The Auburn System
Age of Reform: 1860–1900
Alexander Maconochie
Sir Walter Crofton
Zebulon Brockway
A New Emphasis on Prison Labor: 1900–1930
Age of Rehabilitation: 1930–1970
Retributive Era: 1970s to the Present
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
Capital Punishment in Historical Perspective
The Search for Humane Execution
Electrocution
Gas
Lethal Injection
Arguments Supporting Capital Punishment
Arguments against Capital Punishment
Is the Death Penalty Dead?
SUMMARY