Chapter 8 Quiz

. Cross tabulation assesses the relationship between

Four variables with nominal measurement

Four variables with ordinal measurement

Two variables with nominal measurement

Two variables with ordinal measurement

. A difference of means test found that the mean difference in GPA between male and female students is 0.06 with a p-value of 0.000. This could be interpreted as

Small in magnitude and statistically significant

Small in magnitude and not statistically significant

Large in magnitude and statistically significant

Large in magnitude and not statistically significant

. The p-value can be defined as

The probability of observing a result when the null hypothesis is false

The probability of observing a result when the null hypothesis is true

The probability of observing a result when the research hypothesis is false

The probability of observing a result when the research hypothesis is true

. A correlation coefficient of 0.9 between two variables can be interpreted as

Strong positive linear relationship

Moderate positive linear relationship

No linear relationship

Correlation coefficients cannot be greater than 0.5

. Most studies in the social sciences set the significance level of a hypothesis test at

1%

5%

10%

50%

. Which of the following investigates the relationships between two or more variables?

Data analysis

Descriptive statistics

Regression coefficient

Frequency distribution

. The null hypothesis for the difference of means test:

posits that there will be a significant difference in the averages for the dependent variable for two groups of the independent variable

posits that one group will have a higher average than another on the dependent variable

is always significant

posits that the difference in the averages for the dependent variable for two groups of the independent variable is 0

. The significance level is used to:

Determine the threshold at which we would reject the null hypothesis

Determine the probability of observing a particular result

Determine if there is a relationship between the two variables

Determine that two variables are not correlated in the general population

. Which of the following involves running a comparison of the average value of the dependent variable for two groupings of the independent variable for a sample of data?

Correlation coefficient

Regression analysis

Difference of means

Summary statistics

. Which of the following is an example of bivariate analysis?

Descriptive statistics

Multiple regression analysis

Correlation coefficient

Summary statistics

. A correlation coefficient close to -1 implies:

An inverse relationship

A positive relationship

No correlation

A significant difference of means between two groups

. A correlation coefficient of 0 implies:

An inverse relationship

A positive relationship

No correlation

A significant difference of means between two groups

. A p-value greater than 0.05 would support:

The research hypothesis

The null hypothesis

A difference of means

An inverse correlation

. Correlations are sometimes spurious, meaning that:

There is a positive correlation

That the relationship between the variables is a causal one, but they are not correlated

That the variables are correlated and caused one another

That the variables are correlated, but in truth the relationship between them is not a causal one.

. The correlation coefficient falls between which two numbers?

-1 and 0

0 and 1

-1 and 1

1 and 2

. Which bivariate analysis is most appropriate for the following two variables: registered to vote (yes/no) and life satisfaction (from 1, not satisfied to 10, very satisfied)

Difference of means

Correlation coefficient

Descriptive statistics

Data analysis

. Which bivariate analysis is most appropriate for the following two variables: age and yearly income?

Difference of means

Correlation coefficient

Descriptive statistics

Data analysis

. Why is it important to assess the magnitude of the result whenever conducting a statistical test?

because some relationships between variables are statistically significant, but the magnitude of the relationship is actually quite small

because some correlations are spurious

because the difference of means test cannot be used on two variables with nominal measurement

because a higher coefficient always means that it will be statistically significant

. A p-value of .03 means

that in only 3 in 100 times would a result as large as the one observed in a sample of data be observed if the null hypothesis were actually true for the population

that the null hypothesis is correct in 3 of 100 times

that the research hypothesis is true

that 3% of the variation in the dependent variable is explained by the inclusion of an independent variable

. Which statement is true?

the correlation coefficient is best used with one binary variable and one variable with ordinal, interval or ratio measurement

the mean difference between two groups is how we determine if a result is significant

p-values should be considered independently of the magnitude of the result

the use of the correlation coefficient and difference of means test work best with a dependent variable with ordinal, interval or ration measurement

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