Chapter 3 Multiple choice questions

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What are the characteristics of the DNA molecule? Select all correct answers.

It consists of a sequence of four nucleotides, adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine correct incorrect

Its structure explains how it can be passed on from generation to generation correct incorrect

The two strands of a DNA molecule are simply reflections of each other correct incorrect

The amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine (T) and the amount of guanine always equals the amount of cytosine correct incorrect

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What are the characteristics of RNA molecules? Select correct answer.

RNA consists of a sequence of four nucleotides, adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine correct incorrect

RNA is concentrated in the nucleus of cells correct incorrect

One form of RNA, called messenger RNA, contains information about the linear order of amino acids in proteins correct incorrect

Messenger RNA is a more stable molecule than DNA correct incorrect

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What is the genetic code? Select correct answer.

Another name for the genome correct incorrect

A table of the relationship between triplet codons and amino acids correct incorrect

A list of all the genes in your DNA correct incorrect

A table of the relationship between DNA and RNA correct incorrect

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Why is information processing central to understanding biology? Select correct answer.

All organisms use the same genetic code, derived from a common ancestor at the origins of life on earth correct incorrect

All biological problems can be formulated as a problem of deciphering codes correct incorrect

DNA is a non-redundant repository of all the information necessary to understand how cells are made correct incorrect

All biological materials consist of a linear arrangement of simpler constituents, whose order is encoded by DNA sequence correct incorrect

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Why is the polymerase chain reaction important? Select all correct answers.

It allows DNA in cells to replicate correct incorrect

It makes it possible to isolate DNA from very small quantities of tissue correct incorrect

It is central to high throughput DNA sequencing and genotyping methodologies correct incorrect

It can be used to decode the structure of DNA and proteins correct incorrect

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What techniques can be used for the sequencing or assembly of a mammalian genome? Select all correct answers.

Chain termination methods developed by Sanger in the 1970s correct incorrect

The polymerase chain reaction applied to small amounts of genomic DNA correct incorrect

Shotgun assembly of millions of randomly generated fragments of DNA sequence correct incorrect

Bioinformatic technologies that combine information about protein structure with DNA sequence correct incorrect

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What does a mammalian genome contain? Select all correct answers.

A typical mammalian genome consists of about three gigabases of DNA sequence correct incorrect

A typical mammalian genome has about the same number of genes as found in a nematode worm correct incorrect

About half the mammalian genome consists of junk DNA correct incorrect

Almost half of the mammalian genome codes for genes correct incorrect

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What are the characteristics of mammalian genes? Select all correct answers.

Mammalian genes are encoded in messenger RNA that has a one to one correspondence with DNA sequence correct incorrect

Multiple forms of the same gene can be generated by a process called alternative splicing correct incorrect

Mammalian genes are encoded in the exome correct incorrect

All mammalian genes have introns correct incorrect

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What is the difference between genotyping and sequencing? Select all correct answers.

Sequencing obtains the linear order of DNA bases, while genotyping does not correct incorrect

Sequencing only obtains information about DNA variation correct incorrect

Genotyping means obtaining DNA variants at a single locus, on both chromosomes, while sequencing generates information from a single chromosome only correct incorrect

Genotyping is often carried out using microarrays, while DNA sequence is obtained from automated sequencing machines correct incorrect

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Which of the following definitions of a mutation is correct? Select correct answer.

A synonymous mutation is one in which the mutation results in serious alteration of the protein structure and function correct incorrect

Indels are insertions or deletions more than one kilobase in size correct incorrect

A frameshift mutation refers to deletions that disrupt the reading frame of DNA correct incorrect

Single nucleotide polymorphisms are a form of structural variation in the genome correct incorrect

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What are the characteristics of sequence variation? Select all correct answers.

Almost all sequence variation is noncoding correct incorrect

More than 95% of common variants are shared between most ethnic groups correct incorrect

Human genomes typically contain about 100 loss-of-function variants, and have 20 genes completely inactivated correct incorrect

You differ from any other randomly chosen person at about 4 million loci correct incorrect

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What's the most important thing you can learn from this chapter? Select correct answer.

The difference between RNA and DNA correct incorrect

The difference between sequence variants and mutations correct incorrect

The difference between 5 prime (5') and 3 prime (3') DNA correct incorrect

The difference between genotyping and sequencing correct incorrect